Determining location using multi-source geolocation data

ABSTRACT

Systems, methods, and computer readable media that determine a location of a device using multi-source geolocation data, where the methods include accessing new location data from a location source of a plurality of location sources, where the new location data includes a new position and an accuracy of the new position, and determining a current position and an accuracy of the current position based on the new position, the accuracy of the new position, an previous current position, and an accuracy of the previous current position. The method further includes determining a change in location based on a difference between the current position and the previous current position. Some systems, methods, and computer readable media are directed to scheduling location requests to generate location data where the scheduling and the actual requests are made based on a number of conditions.

CLAIM OF PRIORITY

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.17/444,111, filed Jul. 30, 2021, which claims the benefit of priority toU.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 63/200,789, filed Mar. 29, 2021,which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Examples of the present disclosure relate generally to determininggeographic locations for a mobile device using multi-source geolocationdata. More particularly, but not by way of limitation, examples of thepresent disclosure relate to fusing multiple-source geographic locationstogether to determine a geographic location.

BACKGROUND

Geographic location is often used by many application programs toenhance a user's experience with a mobile device. However, determining ageographic location of the mobile device consumes power and mobiledevices are often limited by batteries. Additionally, applicationprograms may request frequent updates to the geographic location of themobile device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

In the drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, like numeralsmay describe similar components in different views. To easily identifythe discussion of any particular element or act, the most significantdigit or digits in a reference number refer to the figure number inwhich that element is first introduced. Some examples are illustrated byway of example, and not limitation, in the figures of the accompanyingdrawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a networked environment inwhich the present disclosure may be deployed, in accordance with someexamples.

FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic representation of a messaging system, inaccordance with some examples, that has both client-side and server-sidefunctionality.

FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic representation of a data structure asmaintained in a database, in accordance with some examples.

FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic representation of a message, in accordance withsome examples.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart for an access-limiting process, in accordance withsome examples.

FIG. 6 illustrates sources of location data for a mobile device, inaccordance with some examples.

FIG. 7 illustrates a system for determining location using multi-sourcegeolocation data 700, in accordance with some examples.

FIG. 8 illustrates the operation of a method to fuse locations, inaccordance with some examples.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of fusing location data, in accordancewith some examples.

FIG. 10 illustrates a method for scheduling requests, in accordance withsome examples.

FIG. 11 illustrates examples of a wearable electronic device in the formof electronics-enabled glasses, in accordance with some examples.

FIG. 12 illustrates location tracking, in accordance with some examples.

FIG. 13 illustrates a method for scheduling requests for location data,in accordance with some examples.

FIG. 14 is a diagrammatic representation of a machine in the form of acomputer system within which a set of instructions may be executed forcausing the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologiesdiscussed herein, in accordance with some examples.

FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing a software architecture within whichexamples may be implemented.

FIG. 16 is a diagrammatic representation of a processing environment, inaccordance with some examples.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The description that follows includes systems, methods, techniques,instruction sequences, and computing machine program products thatembody illustrative examples of the disclosure. In the followingdescription, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific detailsare set forth in order to provide an understanding of various examplesof the inventive subject matter. It will be evident, however, to thoseskilled in the art, that examples of the inventive subject matter may bepracticed without these specific details. In general, well-knowninstruction instances, protocols, structures, and techniques are notnecessarily shown in detail.

Users of mobile devices enjoy the services provided by applications thatcan ascertain the current location of the mobile device. For example, ageographic location aware application on an augmented reality (AR)headset can provide information regarding monuments that the user of theAR headset is near such as the Eiffel Tower or Empire State Building.Many other applications on a mobile device may be enhanced if thecurrent location of the mobile device is known. Examples disclosedherein are directed to providing a current location to applications of amobile device while lessening the amount of power that is used andfusing location data to provide a current location. Some examplesdisclosed herein are directed to providing location data to applicationswhile doing one or more of the following: lessening a latency ofproviding the location data, increasing an accuracy of the locationdata, and lessening the amount of power that is used to determine thelocation data.

A technical problem is how to provide current location information to anapplication on a mobile device while decreasing the amount of power usedto provide the current location. In some examples, the technical problemis addressed by fusing together two or more locations to determine acurrent location of the mobile device. Each of the locations includesdata that indicates an accuracy of the location. Often location datathat is less accurate requires less power for the mobile device toacquire or determine. In some examples, a current location with anassociated accuracy is fused together with a new location with anassociated accuracy to determine an updated current location with anupdated accuracy. The current location and the new location are fusedtogether based on the geographic location data, associated optionaldata, and associated accuracies. Fusing together the location dataprovides a more accurate estimation of the location of the mobiledevice, in accordance with some examples.

In some examples, the technical problem is addressed by schedulingrequests for updated location data from location sources. The schedulingwaits to send requests to location sources based on whether conditionsare met. For example, a request for a location from a satellite receiveris not made until a display of the mobile device is powered down and/orthe mobile device is outdoors. In this way there is not a spike in thepower demand that may drain the batteries more than is needed toretrieve a location from a satellite. Additionally, the scheduling basesdecisions on a needed accuracy of the location indicated by theapplication.

Networked Computing Environment

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example messaging system 100 forexchanging data (e.g., messages and associated content) over a network.The messaging system 100 includes multiple instances of a client device102, each of which hosts a number of applications, including a messagingclient 104. Each messaging client 104 is communicatively coupled toother instances of the messaging client 104 and a messaging serversystem 108 via a network 106 (e.g., the Internet).

A messaging client 104 is able to communicate and exchange data withanother messaging client 104 and with the messaging server system 108via the network 106. The data exchanged between messaging client 104,and between a messaging client 104 and the messaging server system 108,includes functions (e.g., commands to invoke functions) as well aspayload data (e.g., text, audio, video or other multimedia data).

The messaging server system 108 provides server-side functionality viathe network 106 to a particular messaging client 104. While certainfunctions of the messaging system 100 are described herein as beingperformed by either a messaging client 104 or by the messaging serversystem 108, the location of certain functionality either within themessaging client 104 or the messaging server system 108 may be a designchoice. For example, it may be technically preferable to initiallydeploy certain technology and functionality within the messaging serversystem 108 but to later migrate this technology and functionality to themessaging client 104 where a client device 102 has sufficient processingcapacity.

The messaging server system 108 supports various services and operationsthat are provided to the messaging client 104. Such operations includetransmitting data to, receiving data from, and processing data generatedby the messaging client 104. This data may include message content,client device information, geolocation information, media augmentationand overlays, message content persistence conditions, social networkinformation, and live event information, as examples. Data exchangeswithin the messaging system 100 are invoked and controlled throughfunctions available via user interfaces (UIs) of the messaging client104.

Turning now specifically to the messaging server system 108, anApplication Program Interface (API) server 110 is coupled to, andprovides a programmatic interface to, application servers 112. Theapplication servers 112 are communicatively coupled to a database server118, which facilitates access to a database 120 that stores dataassociated with messages processed by the application servers 112.Similarly, a web server 124 is coupled to the application servers 112and provides web-based interfaces to the application servers 112. Tothis end, the web server 124 processes incoming network requests overthe Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and several other relatedprotocols.

The Application Program Interface (API) server 110 receives andtransmits message data (e.g., commands and message payloads) between theclient device 102 and the application servers 112. Specifically, theApplication Program Interface (API) server 110 provides a set ofinterfaces (e.g., routines and protocols) that can be called or queriedby the messaging client 104 in order to invoke functionality of theapplication servers 112. The Application Program Interface (API) server110 exposes various functions supported by the application servers 112,including account registration, login functionality, the sending ofmessages, via the application servers 112, from a particular messagingclient 104 to another messaging client 104, the sending of media files(e.g., images or video) from a messaging client 104 to a messagingserver 114, and for possible access by another messaging client 104, thesettings of a collection of media data (e.g., story), the retrieval of alist of friends of a user of a client device 102, the retrieval of suchcollections, the retrieval of messages and content, the addition anddeletion of entities (e.g., friends) to an entity graph (e.g., a socialgraph), the location of friends within a social graph, and opening anapplication event (e.g., relating to the messaging client 104).

The application servers 112 host a number of server applications andsubsystems, including for example a messaging server 114, an imageprocessing server 116, and a social network server 122. The messagingserver 114 implements a number of message processing technologies andfunctions, particularly related to the aggregation and other processingof content (e.g., textual and multimedia content) included in messagesreceived from multiple instances of the messaging client 104. As will bedescribed in further detail, the text and media content from multiplesources may be aggregated into collections of content (e.g., calledstories or galleries). These collections are then made available to themessaging client 104. Other processor and memory intensive processing ofdata may also be performed server-side by the messaging server 114, inview of the hardware requirements for such processing.

The application servers 112 also include an image processing server 116that is dedicated to performing various image processing operations,typically with respect to images or video within the payload of amessage sent from or received at the messaging server 114.

The social network server 122 supports various social networkingfunctions and services and makes these functions and services availableto the messaging server 114. To this end, the social network server 122maintains and accesses an entity graph 306 (as shown in FIG. 3 ) withinthe database 120. Examples of functions and services supported by thesocial network server 122 include the identification of other users ofthe messaging system 100 with which a particular user has relationshipsor is “following,” and also the identification of other entities andinterests of a particular user.

System Architecture

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating further details regarding themessaging system 100, according to some examples. Specifically, themessaging system 100 is shown to comprise the messaging client 104 andthe application servers 112. The messaging system 100 embodies a numberof subsystems, which are supported on the client-side by the messagingclient 104 and on the server-side by the application servers 112. Thesesubsystems include, for example, an ephemeral timer system 202, acollection management system 204, a modification system 206, a mapsystem 208, a game system 210, and a geographic location system 214.

The ephemeral timer system 202 is responsible for enforcing thetemporary or time-limited access to content by the messaging client 104and the messaging server 114. The ephemeral timer system 202incorporates a number of timers that, based on duration and displayparameters associated with a message, or collection of messages (e.g., astory), selectively enable access (e.g., for presentation and display)to messages and associated content via the messaging client 104. Furtherdetails regarding the operation of the ephemeral timer system 202 areprovided below.

The collection management system 204 is responsible for managing sets orcollections of media (e.g., collections of text, image video, and audiodata). A collection of content (e.g., messages, including images, video,text, and audio) may be organized into an “event gallery” or an “eventstory.” Such a collection may be made available for a specified timeperiod, such as the duration of an event to which the content relates.For example, content relating to a music concert may be made availableas a “story” for the duration of that music concert. The collectionmanagement system 204 may also be responsible for publishing an iconthat provides notification of the existence of a particular collectionto the user interface of the messaging client 104.

The collection management system 204 furthermore includes a curationinterface 212 that allows a collection manager to manage and curate aparticular collection of content. For example, the curation interface212 enables an event organizer to curate a collection of contentrelating to a specific event (e.g., delete inappropriate content orredundant messages). Additionally, the collection management system 204employs machine vision (or image recognition technology) and contentrules to automatically curate a content collection. In certain examples,compensation may be paid to a user for the inclusion of user-generatedcontent into a collection. In such cases, the collection managementsystem 204 operates to automatically make payments to such users for theuse of their content.

The augmentation system 206 provides various functions that enable auser to augment (e.g., annotate or otherwise modify or edit) mediacontent associated with a message. For example, the augmentation system206 provides functions related to the generation and publishing of mediaoverlays for messages processed by the messaging system 100. Theaugmentation system 206 operatively supplies a media overlay oraugmentation (e.g., an image filter) to the messaging client 104 basedon a geolocation of the client device 102. In another example, theaugmentation system 206 operatively supplies a media overlay to themessaging client 104 based on other information, such as social networkinformation of the user of the client device 102. A media overlay mayinclude audio and visual content and visual effects. Examples of audioand visual content include pictures, texts, logos, animations, and soundeffects. An example of a visual effect includes color overlaying. Theaudio and visual content or the visual effects can be applied to a mediacontent item (e.g., a photo) at the client device 102. For example, themedia overlay may include text or image that can be overlaid on top of aphotograph taken by the client device 102. In another example, the mediaoverlay includes an identification of a location overlay (e.g., Venicebeach), a name of a live event, or a name of a merchant overlay (e.g.,Beach Coffee House). In another example, the augmentation system 206uses the geolocation of the client device 102 to identify a mediaoverlay that includes the name of a merchant at the geolocation of theclient device 102. The media overlay may include other indiciaassociated with the merchant. The media overlays may be stored in thedatabase 120 and accessed through the database server 118.

In some examples, the augmentation system 206 provides a user-basedpublication platform that enables users to select a geolocation on a mapand upload content associated with the selected geolocation. The usermay also specify circumstances under which a particular media overlayshould be offered to other users. The augmentation system 206 generatesa media overlay that includes the uploaded content and associates theuploaded content with the selected geolocation.

In other examples, the augmentation system 206 provides a merchant-basedpublication platform that enables merchants to select a particular mediaoverlay associated with a geolocation via a bidding process. Forexample, the augmentation system 206 associates the media overlay of thehighest bidding merchant with a corresponding geolocation for apredefined amount of time.

The map system 208 provides various geographic location functions andsupports the presentation of map-based media content and messages by themessaging client 104. For example, the map system 208 enables thedisplay of user icons or avatars (e.g., stored in profile data 308) on amap to indicate a current or past location of “friends” of a user, aswell as media content (e.g., collections of messages includingphotographs and videos) generated by such friends, within the context ofa map. For example, a message posted by a user to the messaging system100 from a specific geographic location may be displayed within thecontext of a map at that particular location to “friends” of a specificuser on a map interface of the messaging client 104. A user canfurthermore share his or her location and status information (e.g.,using an appropriate status avatar) with other users of the messagingsystem 100 via the messaging client 104, with this location and statusinformation being similarly displayed within the context of a mapinterface of the messaging client 104 to selected users.

The game system 210 provides various gaming functions within the contextof the messaging client 104. The messaging client 104 provides a gameinterface providing a list of available games that can be launched by auser within the context of the messaging client 104 and played withother users of the messaging system 100. The messaging system 100further enables a particular user to invite other users to participatein the play of a specific game, by issuing invitations to such otherusers from the messaging client 104. The messaging client 104 alsosupports both the voice and text messaging (e.g., chats) within thecontext of gameplay, provides a leaderboard for the games, and alsosupports the provision of in-game rewards (e.g., coins and items).

The geographic location system 214 provides various functions todetermine a current location 708 (see FIG. 7 ) of the mobile device 602(see FIG. 6 .) In some examples, the geographic location system 214interfaces with external devices to determine a current location 708 ofthe mobile device 602. In some examples, the geographic location system214 responds to requests for geographic location information from amobile device 602. In some examples, the geographic location system 214provides information to assist a mobile device 602 in determining ageographic location such as almanac data for a GNSS system orinformation regarding other wireless devices with which the mobiledevice 602 may interact with to determine a geographic location of themobile device 602.

Data Architecture

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating data structures 300, whichmay be stored in the database 120 of the messaging server system 108,according to certain examples. While the content of the database 120 isshown to comprise a number of tables, it will be appreciated that thedata could be stored in other types of data structures (e.g., as anobject-oriented database).

The database 120 includes message data stored within a message table302. This message data includes, for any particular one message, atleast message sender data, message recipient (or receiver) data, and apayload. Further details regarding information that may be included in amessage and included within the message data stored in the message table302 is described below with reference to FIG. 4 .

An entity table 304 stores entity data, and is linked (e.g.,referentially) to an entity graph 306 and profile data 308. Entities forwhich records are maintained within the entity table 304 may includeindividuals, corporate entities, organizations, objects, places, events,and so forth. Regardless of entity type, any entity regarding which themessaging server system 108 stores data may be a recognized entity. Eachentity is provided with a unique identifier, as well as an entity typeidentifier (not shown).

The entity graph 306 stores information regarding relationships andassociations between entities. Such relationships may be social,professional (e.g., work at a common corporation or organization)interest-based or activity-based, merely for example.

The profile data 308 stores multiple types of profile data about aparticular entity. The profile data 308 may be selectively used andpresented to other users of the messaging system 100, based on privacysettings specified by a particular entity. Where the entity is anindividual, the profile data 308 includes, for example, a user name,telephone number, address, settings (e.g., notification and privacysettings), as well as a user-selected avatar representation (orcollection of such avatar representations). A particular user may thenselectively include one or more of these avatar representations withinthe content of messages communicated via the messaging system 100, andon map interfaces displayed by messaging clients 104 to other users. Thecollection of avatar representations may include “status avatars,” whichpresent a graphical representation of a status or activity that the usermay select to communicate at a particular time.

Where the entity is a group, the profile data 308 for the group maysimilarly include one or more avatar representations associated with thegroup, in addition to the group name, members, and various settings(e.g., notifications) for the relevant group.

The database 120 also stores augmentation data, such as overlays orfilters, in an augmentation table 310. The augmentation data isassociated with and applied to videos (for which data is stored in avideo table 314) and images (for which data is stored in an image table316).

Filters, in one example, are overlays that are displayed as overlaid onan image or video during presentation to a recipient user. Filters maybe of various types, including user-selected filters from a set offilters presented to a sending user by the messaging client 104 when thesending user is composing a message. Other types of filters includegeolocation filters (also known as geo-filters), which may be presentedto a sending user based on geographic location. For example, geolocationfilters specific to a neighborhood or special location may be presentedwithin a user interface by the messaging client 104, based ongeolocation information determined by a Global Positioning System (GPS)unit of the client device 102.

Another type of filter is a data filter, which may be selectivelypresented to a sending user by the messaging client 104, based on otherinputs or information gathered by the client device 102 during themessage creation process. Examples of data filters include currenttemperature at a specific location, a current speed at which a sendinguser is traveling, battery life for a client device 102, or the currenttime.

Other augmentation data that may be stored within the image table 316includes augmented reality content items (e.g., corresponding toapplying Lenses or augmented reality experiences). An augmented realitycontent item may be a real-time special effect and sound that may beadded to an image or a video.

As described above, augmentation data includes augmented reality contentitems, overlays, image transformations, AR images, and similar termsrefer to modifications that may be applied to image data (e.g., videosor images). This includes real-time modifications, which modify an imageas it is captured using device sensors (e.g., one or multiple cameras)of a client device 102 and then displayed on a screen of the clientdevice 102 with the modifications. This also includes modifications tostored content, such as video clips in a gallery that may be modified.For example, in a client device 102 with access to multiple augmentedreality content items, a user can use a single video clip with multipleaugmented reality content items to see how the different augmentedreality content items will modify the stored clip. For example, multipleaugmented reality content items that apply different pseudorandommovement models can be applied to the same content by selectingdifferent augmented reality content items for the content. Similarly,real-time video capture may be used with an illustrated modification toshow how video images currently being captured by sensors of a clientdevice 102 would modify the captured data. Such data may simply bedisplayed on the screen and not stored in memory, or the contentcaptured by the device sensors may be recorded and stored in memory withor without the modifications (or both). In some systems, a previewfeature can show how different augmented reality content items will lookwithin different windows in a display at the same time. This can, forexample, enable multiple windows with different pseudorandom animationsto be viewed on a display at the same time.

Data and various systems using augmented reality content items or othersuch transform systems to modify content using this data can thusinvolve detection of objects (e.g., faces, hands, bodies, cats, dogs,surfaces, objects, etc.), tracking of such objects as they leave, enter,and move around the field of view in video frames, and the modificationor transformation of such objects as they are tracked. In variousexamples, different methods for achieving such transformations may beused. Some examples may involve generating a three-dimensional meshmodel of the object or objects, and using transformations and animatedtextures of the model within the video to achieve the transformation. Inother examples, tracking of points on an object may be used to place animage or texture (which may be two dimensional or three dimensional) atthe tracked position. In still further examples, neural network analysisof video frames may be used to place images, models, or textures incontent (e.g., images or frames of video). Augmented reality contentitems thus refer both to the images, models, and textures used to createtransformations in content, as well as to additional modeling andanalysis information needed to achieve such transformations with objectdetection, tracking, and placement.

Real-time video processing can be performed with any kind of video data(e.g., video streams, video files, etc.) saved in the memory of acomputerized system of any kind. For example, a user can load videofiles and save them in a memory of a device, or can generate a videostream using sensors of the device. Additionally, any objects can beprocessed using a computer animation model, such as a human's face andparts of a human body, animals, or non-living things such as chairs,cars, or other objects.

In some examples, when a particular modification is selected along withcontent to be transformed, elements to be transformed are identified bythe computing device, and then detected and tracked if they are presentin the frames of the video. The elements of the object are modifiedaccording to the request for modification, thus transforming the framesof the video stream. Transformation of frames of a video stream can beperformed by different methods for different kinds of transformation.For example, for transformations of frames mostly referring to changingforms of object's elements characteristic points for each element of anobject are calculated (e.g., using an Active Shape Model (ASM) or otherknown methods). Then, a mesh based on the characteristic points isgenerated for each of at least one element of the object. This mesh isused in the following stage of tracking the elements of the object inthe video stream. In the process of tracking, the mentioned mesh foreach element is aligned with a position of each element. Then,additional points are generated on the mesh. A first set of first pointsis generated for each element based on a request for modification, and aset of second points is generated for each element based on the set offirst points and the request for modification. Then, the frames of thevideo stream can be transformed by modifying the elements of the objecton the basis of the sets of first and second points and the mesh. Insuch a method, a background of the modified object can be changed ordistorted as well by tracking and modifying the background.

In some examples, transformations changing some areas of an object usingits elements can be performed by calculating characteristic points foreach element of an object and generating a mesh based on the calculatedcharacteristic points. Points are generated on the mesh, and thenvarious areas based on the points are generated. The elements of theobject are then tracked by aligning the area for each element with aposition for each of the at least one element, and properties of theareas can be modified based on the request for modification, thustransforming the frames of the video stream. Depending on the specificrequest for modification properties of the mentioned areas can betransformed in different ways. Such modifications may involve changingcolor of areas; removing at least some part of areas from the frames ofthe video stream; including one or more new objects into areas which arebased on a request for modification; and modifying or distorting theelements of an area or object. In various examples, any combination ofsuch modifications or other similar modifications may be used. Forcertain models to be animated, some characteristic points can beselected as control points to be used in determining the entirestate-space of options for the model animation.

In some examples of a computer animation model to transform image datausing face detection, the face is detected on an image with use of aspecific face detection algorithm (e.g., Viola-Jones). Then, an ActiveShape Model (ASM) algorithm is applied to the face region of an image todetect facial feature reference points.

In other examples, other methods and algorithms suitable for facedetection can be used. For example, in some examples, features arelocated using a landmark, which represents a distinguishable pointpresent in most of the images under consideration. For facial landmarks,for example, the location of the left eye pupil may be used. If aninitial landmark is not identifiable (e.g., if a person has aneyepatch), secondary landmarks may be used. Such landmark identificationprocedures may be used for any such objects. In some examples, a set oflandmarks forms a shape. Shapes can be represented as vectors using thecoordinates of the points in the shape. One shape is aligned to anotherwith a similarity transform (allowing translation, scaling, androtation) that minimizes the average Euclidean distance between shapepoints. The mean shape is the mean of the aligned training shapes.

In some examples, a search for landmarks from the mean shape aligned tothe position and size of the face determined by a global face detectoris started. Such a search then repeats the steps of suggesting atentative shape by adjusting the locations of shape points by templatematching of the image texture around each point and then conforming thetentative shape to a global shape model until convergence occurs. Insome systems, individual template matches are unreliable, and the shapemodel pools the results of the weak template matches to form a strongeroverall classifier. The entire search is repeated at each level in animage pyramid, from coarse to fine resolution.

A transformation system can capture an image or video stream on a clientdevice (e.g., the client device 102) and perform complex imagemanipulations locally on the client device 102 while maintaining asuitable user experience, computation time, and power consumption. Thecomplex image manipulations may include size and shape changes, emotiontransfers (e.g., changing a face from a frown to a smile), statetransfers (e.g., aging a subject, reducing apparent age, changinggender), style transfers, graphical element application, and any othersuitable image or video manipulation implemented by a convolutionalneural network that has been configured to execute efficiently on theclient device 102.

In some examples, a computer animation model to transform image data canbe used by a system where a user may capture an image or video stream ofthe user (e.g., a selfie) using a client device 102 having a neuralnetwork operating as part of a messaging client application operating onthe client device 102. The transformation system operating within themessaging client 104 determines the presence of a face within the imageor video stream and provides modification icons associated with acomputer animation model to transform image data, or the computeranimation model can be present as associated with an interface describedherein. The modification icons include changes that may be the basis formodifying the user's face within the image or video stream as part ofthe modification operation. Once a modification icon is selected, thetransform system initiates a process to convert the image of the user toreflect the selected modification icon (e.g., generate a smiling face onthe user). A modified image or video stream may be presented in agraphical user interface displayed on the client device 102 as soon asthe image or video stream is captured, and a specified modification isselected. The transformation system may implement a complexconvolutional neural network on a portion of the image or video streamto generate and apply the selected modification. That is, the user maycapture the image or video stream and be presented with a modifiedresult in real-time or near real-time once a modification icon has beenselected. Further, the modification may be persistent while the videostream is being captured, and the selected modification icon remainstoggled. Machine taught neural networks may be used to enable suchmodifications.

The graphical user interface, presenting the modification performed bythe transform system, may supply the user with additional interactionoptions. Such options may be based on the interface used to initiate thecontent capture and selection of a particular computer animation model(e.g., initiation from a content creator user interface). In variousexamples, a modification may be persistent after an initial selection ofa modification icon. The user may toggle the modification on or off bytapping or otherwise selecting the face being modified by thetransformation system and store it for later viewing or browse to otherareas of the imaging application. Where multiple faces are modified bythe transformation system, the user may toggle the modification on oroff globally by tapping or selecting a single face modified anddisplayed within a graphical user interface. In some examples,individual faces, among a group of multiple faces, may be individuallymodified, or such modifications may be individually toggled by tappingor selecting the individual face or a series of individual facesdisplayed within the graphical user interface.

A story table 312 stores data regarding collections of messages andassociated image, video, or audio data, which are compiled into acollection (e.g., a story or a gallery). The creation of a particularcollection may be initiated by a particular user (e.g., each user forwhich a record is maintained in the entity table 304). A user may createa “personal story” in the form of a collection of content that has beencreated and sent/broadcast by that user. To this end, the user interfaceof the messaging client 104 may include an icon that is user-selectableto enable a sending user to add specific content to his or her personalstory.

A collection may also constitute a “live story,” which is a collectionof content from multiple users that is created manually, automatically,or using a combination of manual and automatic techniques. For example,a “live story” may constitute a curated stream of user-submitted contentfrom various locations and events. Users whose client devices havelocation services enabled and are at a common location event at aparticular time may, for example, be presented with an option, via auser interface of the messaging client 104, to contribute content to aparticular live story. The live story may be identified to the user bythe messaging client 104, based on his or her location. The end resultis a “live story” told from a community perspective.

A further type of content collection is known as a “location story,”which enables a user whose client device 102 is located within aspecific geographic location (e.g., on a college or university campus)to contribute to a particular collection. In some examples, acontribution to a location story may require a second degree ofauthentication to verify that the end user belongs to a specificorganization or other entity (e.g., is a student on the universitycampus).

As mentioned above, the video table 314 stores video data that, in oneexample, is associated with messages for which records are maintainedwithin the message table 302. Similarly, the image table 316 storesimage data associated with messages for which message data is stored inthe entity table 304. The entity table 304 may associate variousaugmentations from the augmentation table 310 with various images andvideos stored in the image table 316 and the video table 314. Thedatabase 120 can also store information for assisting mobile device 602in determining its location. For example, database 120 may storeinformation regarding access points (APs) that may be used by mobiledevice 602 for determining its geographic location. The database 120 canalso store additional information such as data that may be used tointerpret signals from a satellite to determine location.

Data Communications Architecture

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure of a message 400,according to some examples, generated by a messaging client 104 forcommunication to a further messaging client 104 or the messaging server114. The content of a particular message 400 is used to populate themessage table 302 stored within the database 120, accessible by themessaging server 114. Similarly, the content of a message 400 is storedin memory as “in-transit” or “in-flight” data of the client device 102or the application server 112. A message 400 is shown to include thefollowing example components:

Message identifier 402 (MSG_ID 402): a unique identifier that identifiesthe message 400. Message text payload 404 (MSG_TEXT 404): text, to begenerated by a user via a user interface of the client device 102, andthat is included in the message 400.

Message image payload 406 (MSG_IMAGE 406): image data, captured by acamera component of a client device 102 or retrieved from a memorycomponent of a client device 102, and that is included in the message400. Image data for a sent or received message 400 may be stored in theimage table 316.

Message video payload 408: video data, captured by a camera component orretrieved from a memory component of the client device 102, and that isincluded in the message 400. Video data for a sent or received message400 may be stored in the video table 314.

Message audio payload 410: audio data, captured by a microphone orretrieved from a memory component of the client device 102, and that isincluded in the message 400.

Message augmentation data 412: augmentation data (e.g., filters,stickers, or other annotations or enhancements) that representsaugmentations to be applied to message image payload 406, message videopayload 408, or message audio payload 410 of the message 400.Augmentation data for a sent or received message 400 may be stored inthe augmentation table 310.

Message duration parameter 414 (MSG_DUR 414): parameter valueindicating, in seconds, the amount of time for which content of themessage (e.g., the message image payload 406, message video payload 408,message audio payload 410) is to be presented or made accessible to auser via the messaging client 104.

Message geolocation parameter 416: geolocation data (e.g., latitudinaland longitudinal coordinates) associated with the content payload of themessage. Multiple message geolocation parameter 416 values may beincluded in the payload, each of these parameter values being associatedwith respect to content items included in the content (e.g., a specificimage into within the message image payload 406, or a specific video inthe message video payload 408).

Message story identifier 418: identifier values identifying one or morecontent collections (e.g., “stories” identified in the story table 312)with which a particular content item in the message image payload 406 ofthe message 400 is associated. For example, multiple images within themessage image payload 406 may each be associated with multiple contentcollections using identifier values.

Message tag 420: each message 400 may be tagged with multiple tags, eachof which is indicative of the subject matter of content included in themessage payload. For example, where a particular image included in themessage image payload 406 depicts an animal (e.g., a lion), a tag valuemay be included within the message tag 420 that is indicative of therelevant animal. Tag values may be generated manually, based on userinput, or may be automatically generated using, for example, imagerecognition.

Message sender identifier 422: an identifier (e.g., a messaging systemidentifier, email address, or device identifier) indicative of a user ofthe Client device 102 on which the message 400 was generated and fromwhich the message 400 was sent.

Message receiver identifier 424: an identifier (e.g., a messaging systemidentifier, email address, or device identifier) indicative of a user ofthe client device 102 to which the message 400 is addressed.

The contents (e.g., values) of the various components of message 400 maybe pointers to locations in tables within which content data values arestored. For example, an image value in the message image payload 406 maybe a pointer to (or address of) a location within an image table 316.Similarly, values within the message video payload 408 may point to datastored within a video table 314, values stored within the messageaugmentations 412 may point to data stored in an augmentation table 310,values stored within the message story identifier 418 may point to datastored in a story table 312, and values stored within the message senderidentifier 422 and the message receiver identifier 424 may point to userrecords stored within an entity table 304.

Although the described flowcharts can show operations as a sequentialprocess, many of the operations can be performed in parallel orconcurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may bere-arranged. A process is terminated when its operations are completed.A process may correspond to a method, a procedure, an algorithm, etc.The operations of methods may be performed in whole or in part, may beperformed in conjunction with some or all of the operations in othermethods, and may be performed by any number of different systems, suchas the systems described herein, or any portion thereof, such as aprocessor included in any of the systems.

Time-Based Access Limitation Architecture

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an access-limiting process500, in terms of which access to content (e.g., an ephemeral message502, and associated multimedia payload of data) or a content collection(e.g., an ephemeral message group 504) may be time-limited (e.g., madeephemeral).

An ephemeral message 502 is shown to be associated with a messageduration parameter 506, the value of which determines an amount of timethat the ephemeral message 502 will be displayed to a receiving user ofthe ephemeral message 502 by the messaging client 104. In one example,an ephemeral message 502 is viewable by a receiving user for up to amaximum of 10 seconds, depending on the amount of time that the sendinguser specifies using the message duration parameter 506.

The message duration parameter 506 and the message receiver identifier424 are shown to be inputs to a message timer 512, which is responsiblefor determining the amount of time that the ephemeral message 502 isshown to a particular receiving user identified by the message receiveridentifier 424. In particular, the ephemeral message 502 will only beshown to the relevant receiving user for a time period determined by thevalue of the message duration parameter 506. The message timer 512 isshown to provide output to a more generalized ephemeral timer system202, which is responsible for the overall timing of display of content(e.g., an ephemeral message 502) to a receiving user.

The ephemeral message 502 is shown in FIG. 5 to be included within anephemeral message group 504 (e.g., a collection of messages in apersonal story, or an event story). The ephemeral message group 504 hasan associated group duration parameter 508, a value of which determinesa time duration for which the ephemeral message group 504 is presentedand accessible to users of the messaging system 100. The group durationparameter 508, for example, may be the duration of a music concert,where the ephemeral message group 504 is a collection of contentpertaining to that concert. Alternatively, a user (either the owninguser or a curator user) may specify the value for the group durationparameter 508 when performing the setup and creation of the ephemeralmessage group 504.

Additionally, each ephemeral message 502 within the ephemeral messagegroup 504 has an associated group participation parameter 510, a valueof which determines the duration of time for which the ephemeral message502 will be accessible within the context of the ephemeral message group504. Accordingly, a particular ephemeral message group 504 may “expire”and become inaccessible within the context of the ephemeral messagegroup 504, prior to the ephemeral message group 504 itself expiring interms of the group duration parameter 508. The group duration parameter508, group participation parameter 510, and message receiver identifier424 each provide input to a group timer 514, which operationallydetermines, firstly, whether a particular ephemeral message 502 of theephemeral message group 504 will be displayed to a particular receivinguser and, if so, for how long. Note that the ephemeral message group 504is also aware of the identity of the particular receiving user as aresult of the message receiver identifier 424.

Accordingly, the group timer 514 operationally controls the overalllifespan of an associated ephemeral message group 504, as well as anindividual ephemeral message 502 included in the ephemeral message group504. In one example, each and every ephemeral message 502 within theephemeral message group 504 remains viewable and accessible for a timeperiod specified by the group duration parameter 508. In a furtherexample, a certain ephemeral message 502 may expire, within the contextof ephemeral message group 504, based on a group participation parameter510. Note that a message duration parameter 506 may still determine theduration of time for which a particular ephemeral message 502 isdisplayed to a receiving user, even within the context of the ephemeralmessage group 504. Accordingly, the message duration parameter 506determines the duration of time that a particular ephemeral message 502is displayed to a receiving user, regardless of whether the receivinguser is viewing that ephemeral message 502 inside or outside the contextof an ephemeral message group 504.

The ephemeral timer system 202 may furthermore operationally remove aparticular ephemeral message 502 from the ephemeral message group 504based on a determination that it has exceeded an associated groupparticipation parameter 510. For example, when a sending user hasestablished a group participation parameter 510 of 24 hours fromposting, the ephemeral timer system 202 will remove the relevantephemeral message 502 from the ephemeral message group 504 after thespecified twenty-four hours. The ephemeral timer system 202 alsooperates to remove an ephemeral message group 504 when either the groupparticipation parameter 510 for each and every ephemeral message 502within the ephemeral message group 504 has expired, or when theephemeral message group 504 itself has expired in terms of the groupduration parameter 508.

In certain use cases, a creator of a particular ephemeral message group504 may specify an indefinite group duration parameter 508. In thiscase, the expiration of the group participation parameter 510 for thelast remaining ephemeral message 502 within the ephemeral message group504 will determine when the ephemeral message group 504 itself expires.In this case, a new ephemeral message 502, added to the ephemeralmessage group 504, with a new group participation parameter 510,effectively extends the life of an ephemeral message group 504 to equalthe value of the group participation parameter 510.

Responsive to the ephemeral timer system 202 determining that anephemeral message group 504 has expired (e.g., is no longer accessible),the ephemeral timer system 202 communicates with the messaging system100 (and, for example, specifically the messaging client 104) to causean indicium (e.g., an icon) associated with the relevant ephemeralmessage group 504 to no longer be displayed within a user interface ofthe messaging client 104. Similarly, when the ephemeral timer system 202determines that the message duration parameter 506 for a particularephemeral message 502 has expired, the ephemeral timer system 202 causesthe messaging client 104 to no longer display an indicium (e.g., an iconor textual identification) associated with the ephemeral message 502.

Determining Location Using Multi-Source Geolocation Data

FIG. 6 illustrates sources of location data 600 for a mobile device 602,in accordance with some examples. The mobile device 602 is a clientdevice 102 of FIG. 1 , in accordance with some examples. The mobiledevice 602 is a wearable electronic device in the form of glasses 1100of FIG. 11 , which may be augmented reality (AR) glasses, in accordancewith some examples. The mobile device 602 communicates with positioningsystems, which include Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)satellite 604, host device 605, wireless device 608, and pedestrian deadreckoning (PDR) sensor 610. The positioning systems provide locationdata 612, 614, 616, 618 or enable the mobile device 602 to determinelocation data 612, 614, 616, 618. For example, the location data 614from the host device 605 may be assisted GNSS (AGNSS) data, an internetprotocol (IP) location, a location of the host device 605, a location ofthe host device 605 with an estimate of a distance the mobile device 602is from the host device 605, and so forth. Location data 612, 614, 616,618 is discussed further below in conjunction with Table 2.

The GNSS satellite 604 is one or more satellites that the mobile device602 communicates with to determine location data 612. The mobile device602 uses differences in reception times from different GNSS satellites604 and known positions of the GNSS satellites 604 to determine thelocation data 612. The AGNSS data is the known positions of the GNSSsatellites 604, in some examples. Additionally, the host device 605 isconfigured to determine location data 612 of the host device 605 fromGNSS satellites 604, in accordance with some examples.

The host device 605 is a paired smartphone device or companion devicethat provides services to the mobile device 602, in accordance with someexamples. In some examples the host device 605 scans and collects dataof nearby wireless devices such as access points (APs) of Institute ofElectrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) wireless networks or basestations (BSs) of 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) wirelessnetworks or a later generation and determines a location of the APs orBSs and provides one or more of the locations of the APs or BSs to themobile device 602 as location data 614. The host device 605 determinesthe locations of the APs or BSs by performing a lookup of the locationof the APs or BSs in a database 120, requesting their locations from aserver device, or determining their locations based on a known locationof the host device 605.

The wireless device 608 may be a wireless device that is configured tooperate in accordance with one or more communication standards such asIEEE 802, 3GPP, LTE, LTE-Advanced, 5G communications, Bluetooth®,low-energy Bluetooth®, and so forth. In some examples, the wirelessdevice 608 is a 3GPP BS, 5G BS, an IEEE AP, or an IEEE non-AP station.The wireless device 608 and mobile device 602 are configured to operatein accordance with one or more communication protocols to determine alocation of the mobile device 602. For example, the communicationprotocol may be IEEE 802.11az, WiFi positioning service (WFPS), aproprietary protocol, or another communication protocol for determininglocation. The wireless device 608 may be multiple devices. For example,the wireless device 608 may be two IEEE 802.11az APs that perform atriangulation method with the mobile device 602 to determine a locationof the mobile device 602.

The PDR sensor 610 is part of the mobile device 602 and generateslocation data 618 based on motion of the mobile device 602. The PDRsensor 610 includes sensors such as a gyroscope and generates locationdata 618 to estimate the distance and direction that mobile device 602moves.

The mobile device 602 sends a request 620 to a positioning system suchas GNSS satellite 604, host device 605, wireless device 608, or PDRsensor 610 over communications 622, 624, 626, 628, respectively. Thepositioning system such as GNSS satellite 604, host device 605, wirelessdevice 608, or PDR sensor 610 sends communications 622, 624, 626, 628,respectively, that includes location data 612, 614, 616, 618,respectively, in response to the request 620. In some examples thelocation data 612, 614, 616, and 618 is sent without a request 620.

The mobile device 602 makes a request 620 for location data 612, 614,616, 618 either to the positioning system or to a module within themobile device 602. Table 1 provides characteristics of positioningsystems. In Table 1 the characteristics include accuracy, latency,power, indoor/outdoor, and conditions for use. The characteristics arefor the indicated location data for the positioning system. Thecharacteristics may be different for different types of location data.

The conditions for use of Table 1 are conditions or prerequisites thatare either necessary for the use of the positioning system or needed tomake use of the positioning system more efficiently in terms of powerusage or other operating characteristics. The conditions for use ofTable 1, include antenna with a quality signal or high signal/noiseratio, Bluetooth connectivity, availability of wireless protocols, and aprior position. Other conditions for use not listed in Table 1 includethe presence of host device 605 or paired mobile device, an applicationrunning on the host device 605 to respond to or service the mobiledevice 602, and indoor or outdoor status. Additional conditions for usemay be used. The following is an example of a condition for use. Themobile device 602 determining location data 612 from GNSS satellite 604signals requires a lot power from receiving the signals and determiningthe location data 612. If the GNSS satellite 604 signals are stronger,then less power is required. To reduce the amount of power used themobile device 602 refrains from using the GNSS satellite 604 unless anantenna used to receive the GNSS satellite 604 signals indicates thatthere is a high signal-to-noise ratio. In some examples, the mobiledevice 602 refrains from using the GNSS satellite 604 signals unless themobile device 602 is outside to increase the changes that GNSS satellite604 signals will have a high signal-to-noise ratio. The mobile device602 is a low-power device that relies on batteries, in accordance withsome examples.

TABLE 1 Characteristics of Location Sources Characteristic PositioningLocation Indoor/ System Data Accuracy Latency Power Outdoor Conditionsfor Use GNSS GNSS data Higher Higher Higher Outdoor Antenna withsatellite 604 higher signal/noise ratio host device AGNSS data HigherMedium Lower Both Bluetooth/Wireless 605 connection Host device OtherVariable Variable Variable Both Wireless 605 location data connectionWireless WFPS data Higher Medium Lower Indoor Availability of devicewireless protocol. 608 PDR sensor PDR data Lower Lower Lower Both PriorPosition 610

Referring to Table 1, in some examples, the positioning system GNSSsatellite 604 has the following characteristics: the location data 612determined is GNSS data; the accuracy is higher than some others; thelatency is higher because it takes a relatively longer time to obtain afix and determine or receive the location data 612; the power requiredis higher than some others; the mobile device 602 needs to be outdoorsto receive the GNSS satellite 604 signals and reduce the power consumedin determining the location data 612; and, a condition for use is anantenna with a higher signal-to-noise ratio in receiving the GNSSsatellite 604 signals. Additional characteristics of the GNSS satellite604 include there is no requirement for an internet or Bluetooth™connection; the mobile device 602 needs a GNSS receiver 720 and GNSSreceiver module 727; and, acquiring AGNSS data, which is needed todetermine the location data 612, is time consuming and may be acquiredfrom the host device 605 or GNSS satellite 604.

Referring to Table 1, in some examples, host device 605 has thefollowing characteristics for AGNSS data: a high accuracy since the datais for use with the GNSS satellite 604; low power usage because theAGNSS data and request 620 are transmitted using a low-energy wirelessprotocol such as LE Bluetooth™; a medium latency to receive the AGNSSdata as the low-energy wireless protocols have a higher latency thanother wireless protocols; a low power requirement when LE Bluetooth™ isused; the AGNSS data may be provided by the host device 605 eitherindoors or outdoors, although the host device 605 may be better able tocollect the AGNSS data outdoors; and, there is a requirement for themobile device 602 and the host device 605 to be in communication via awireless connection such as Bluetooth™ and there may be a requirementthat a software module or application is running on the host device 605to provide services to the mobile device 602.

Referring to Table 1, in some examples, host device 605 has thefollowing characteristics for other location data 614: a variableaccuracy since the host device 605 may provide location data 614 inseveral different ways with different accuracies such as is describedherein; a variable latency since the host device 605 may use a highenergy wireless connection or a low energy wireless connection; avariable power usages since the host device 605 may use a high energywireless connection or a low energy wireless connection; the host device605 can connect with the mobile device 602 either indoors or outdoors;and, there is a requirement that the host device 605 be connected to themobile device 602 via a wireless connection and there may be arequirement that a software module or application is running on the hostdevice 605 to provide services to the mobile device 602.

In some examples, wireless device 608 has the following characteristicsfor WFPS location data 616, which is based on triangulation based onsignal strength or time-of-flight in transmitting and receiving packetsbetween two or more wireless devices 608 and the mobile device 602;there is a higher accuracy with some of the communication protocolsused; there is a medium latency, which is based on sending and receivingpackets between the mobile device 602 and the wireless device 608; thereis a lower amount of power consumed; often, the protocol to determineWFPS location data 616 is only available indoors; and, there is arequirement for availability of the wireless communication protocol. Insome examples, information regarding the locations of wireless devices608 is needed to receive or determine location data 616. For example,the location of APs is needed for some WFPS location data 616 and thelocation of the APs is stored in a database accessible via the internet.The database of APs may include billions of mapped wireless networks,which may be termed WiFi networks. The storage of the informationregarding the mapped WiFi networks is not feasible on the mobile device602 because of storage, processing, and update requirements. Access tothe internet may provide the information needed to perform WFPS withoutthe large storage needs. In some examples, the host device 605 providesthe information regarding the mapped WiFi networks to the mobile device602. The host device 605 is a client device 102, in accordance with someexamples.

In some examples the wireless device 608 uses other protocols todetermine the location data 616 or to enable the mobile device 602 todetermine the location data 616. In some examples, the wireless device608 is used to receive or determine other types of location data 616.For example, location protocols of 5G network, IEEE 802.11az,proprietary protocols, and so forth, are used to determine location data616. In some examples, the wireless device 608 is configured to operatein accordance with wireless communications protocols such as IEEE802.11, IEEE 802.11az, IEEE 802.11be, and so forth. The wireless device608 acts as an access point (AP), station (STA), or base station, inaccordance with some examples.

In some examples, accessing the PDR sensor 610 to determine PDR locationdata 618 has the following characteristics: location data 618 from thePDR sensor 610 can be used to detect motion of the mobile device 602;the accuracy of the PDR location data 618 has a lower accuracy since itis based on dead reckoning; the latency is lower since the PDR sensor610 is part of the mobile device 602; the power requirement is lowersince the PDR sensor 610 requires a lower amount of energy to operatethan other location devices such as the GNSS receiver 720; the PDRsensor 610 works both indoors and outdoors; and, location data 612 needsto be supplemented since it provides only an offset from a last knownlocation in terms of distance and direction, and the PDR sensor 610needs strong or high signal to noise conditions to operate properly.

When the PDR sensor 610 detects motion, the motion is then used todetermine if there has been a change in location, in accordance withsome examples. For example, the PDR sensor 610 may detect motion thatindicates the mobile device 602 was moved to the left and then moved tothe right so that it is in the same location. The accuracy of PDR variesdepending on a wearer gait and step length calibration being known andan activity such as walking, running, and so forth, to be determined, inaccordance with some examples.

The location sources provide location data 612, 614, 616, 618 to themobile device 602, where the location data 612, 614, 616, 618 indicatesdata related to the location of the mobile device 602. In some examples,the location data 612, 614, 616, 618, includes one or more of thelocation data components as described in Table 2. The location data 612,614, 616, 618 is 2 dimensional (D), 3D, 4D, or 5D in accordance withsome examples. For example, altitude and locality are not included insome location data 612, 614, 616, 618.

TABLE 2 Location Data Components Location Data Field Contents oflocation data field Latitude [+−] DDD.DDDDD format where D indicatesdegrees. Longitude [+−] DDD.DDDDD format where D indicates degrees.Accuracy Estimated horizontal accuracy of this location. For example,plus or minus a number of meters. Timestamp Timestamp of the last knownlocation fix in epoch time. The timestamp may be in Universal TimeCoordinated (UTC) or another format. Altitude In some examples, analtitude in meters above a wideband global satellite (WGS) referenceellipsoid. Locality For example, city, state, and/or country. Forexample, “New York, New York, United States”.

The PDR sensor 610 provides a 2-dimensional (2D) offset, heading, andstep count from a starting position, in accordance with some examples.In some examples, the PDR sensor 610 operates continuously and thereforeis useful to fill in the gaps between updates from the other positioningsystem that require more power or have a higher latency.

In some examples the location data 612, 614, 616, 618 is not sent afterthe positioning system has received the request 620. For example, alocation source such as the PDR sensor 610 may not be operatingproperly, so it may not respond to the request 620. The positioningsystem may not respond with location data 612, 614, 616, 618 because oneof its requirements is not met. See for example, the requirements columnin Table 1. Additionally, internet access or quality may be too low fora location source such as wireless device 608 to operate. The hostdevice 605 does not provide location data 614 unless the mobile device602 is paired with the host device 605, in accordance with someexamples. For example, the host device 605 and the mobile device 602 maynot have a BlueTooth™ connection or the quality of the wirelessconnection may be too poor to transmit data for the mobile device 602 topair with the host device 605. The host device 605, in some examples,provides location data 614 from another source. For example, the hostdevice 605 determines its own location using a wireless device 608 orGNSS satellite 604 and then transmits the location data 614 thatindicates a location of the host device 605 to the mobile device 602.The host device 605 may use other location sources to determine itslocation and send the location to the mobile device 602 in location data614. In some examples, the host device 605 sends to the mobile device602 an estimate of how far the mobile device 602 is from the host device605 so that the mobile device 602 can use the estimate to determine itslocation based on the estimate of how far the mobile device 602 is fromthe host device 605 and the location of the host device 605. Theestimate of how far the mobile device 602 is from the host device 605 isbased on delays in wireless communications between the mobile device 602and the host device 605, in accordance with some examples. The estimateis based on a strength of a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) ofthe received signal along with an indication of a power with which thesignal was transmitted. The mobile device 602 or host device 605estimates a distance based on the transmitted power used to transmit thesignal and the RSSI, which is the power of the received signal.

The host device 605 sends data to the mobile device 602 to assist it inperforming GNSS satellite 604 operations. For example, the host device605 sends almanac information to the mobile device 602 for performingGPS estimates so that the mobile device 602 does not have to downloadthe almanac information from the GNSS satellite 604. In some examples,the host device 605 sends other information such as information aboutAPs in an IEEE 802 network or base stations in a 3GPP or 5G network.

In some examples, the location sources provide location data 612, 614,616, 618 that provides a location of the mobile device 602 withoutconsideration for an orientation of the mobile device 602. Additionally,location sources that are part of the mobile device 602 provideorientation information to the mobile device 602, in accordance withsome examples. In some examples, the PDR sensor 610 provides additionallocation data that includes an orientation of the mobile device 602. Insome examples, the mobile device 602 uses location data 612, 614, 616,618 for changes in geographic location and uses other devices fordetermining an orientation of the mobile device 602.

FIG. 7 illustrates a system 700 for determining location usingmulti-source geolocation data, in accordance with some examples.Illustrated in FIG. 7 is a mobile device 602 having a display 702 andperipheral devices 704, in accordance with some examples. The display702 is a display as described herein and the peripheral devices 704include sensors, speakers, the PDR sensor 610, the GNSS receiver 720,wireless components 723, and so forth as described herein. The mobiledevice 602 is a client device 102, in accordance with some examples. Inaccordance with some examples, the mobile device 602 is the glasses 1100of FIG. 11 , which may be AR glasses. The mobile device 602 is awearable device, in accordance with some examples.

In some examples, the location data 612 is received by GNSS receiver 720and processed by GNSS receiver module 727. In some examples, thelocation data 614 from host device 605 is received by wirelesscomponents 723 and processed by wireless component module 718. In someexamples, the location data 616 from wireless device 608 is received bywireless components 723 and processed by wireless component module 718.In some examples, the location data 618 is generated by PDR sensor 610and processed by PDR sensor module 728.

Application modules 706 are applications such as AR applications orother applications that use the current location 708 of the mobiledevice 602. The application modules 706 access the current location 708,accuracy 709, timestamp 732, and other associated data, and determinewhether the current location 708 is sufficient. If the current location708 is not sufficient, then the application module 706 submits an updatelocation request 734 to the location module 722. The update locationrequest 734 optionally indicates a priority 736 of the need for thecurrent location 708 to be updated. The update location request 734optionally includes an indication of a needed accuracy 738 and freshness740 of the current location 708.

An example application module 706 is an application that projectsdirections on optical elements 1143, 1144 of AR glasses of FIG. 11 . Thecurrent location 708 may include a number of fields or data associatedwith the current location 708 such as an accuracy 709 and timestamp 732or other data such as is illustrated in Table 2 location datacomponents. In some examples, an application module 706 may beassociated with a camera such as camera 1169 of FIG. 11 and when a videoor photo is captured, then the application module 706 may use thecurrent location 708 or send an update location request 734 to thelocation module 722.

The wireless components 723 are configured to communicate with hostdevice 605 and wireless device 608 through a wireless connection. Thewireless connection may be a slow speed connection such as Bluetooth® ora higher-speed communication protocol such as IEEE 802.11, 3GPP, 5G,WiFi, cellular network modem, or another communications protocol. Insome examples, the wireless component module 718 is configured toperform WFPS with one or more wireless devices 608 to providepositioning information based on triangulation. In some examples, thewireless devices 608 are two or more APs configured to operate inaccordance with IEEE 802.11az to determine the location of the mobiledevice 602. Other positioning protocols are associated with 3GPP andproprietary protocols are available, which include other wirelessdevices 608 that are near to the mobile device 602 to provide locationinformation such as a home transmitter location system. In someexamples, the wireless components 723 operate with light where theperipheral devices 704 include a light sensor.

In some examples, the wireless component module 718 scans for APs andtheir addresses such as a basic service set (BSS) identification (IDs)(BSSIDs), signal strength, frequency, and home channel. The wirelesscomponent module 718 may perform the scans in response to an applicationmodule 706 sending an update location request 734 to the location module722. In some examples, the host device 605 performs the scan andtransmits the information or part of the information to the mobiledevice 602. In some examples, the scan does save a service set(SS)(SSID) of a collection of wireless devices 608. The information sentby the host device 605 to the mobile device 602 includes a list of APs,in accordance with some examples. In some examples, the host device 605provides an application programming interface (API) to the mobile device602. For example, getGeoLocationFromWFPS ( ) method, where the mobiledevice 602 provides an AP token to the host device 605 via the API; and,the host device 605 returns a location of the AP corresponding to the APtoken to the mobile device 602. The host device 605 may be co-located ornearly co-located with the mobile device 602. For example, the hostdevice 605 may be a smart phone and the mobile device 602 may be ARglasses. In some examples, the wireless components module 718 determinesa location from the host device 605 based on delays in wireless signalsexchanged between the two wireless devices and uses the determinedlocation to correct for a location given by the host device 605. Forexample, the host device 605 sends a current location to the mobiledevice 602 and the mobile device 602 determines that it is within ameter of the host device 605.

The current location 708 can be estimated based on exchanging light. Forexample, the mobile device 602 exchanges light with another device and adelay in receiving a response along with a time to process and transmitthe response is used to determine a distance from the other device.Triangulation is used if there is more than one other device or lightsensor with which the mobile device 602 may exchange light. The GNSSreceiver 720 communicates with GNSS satellite 604. The location module722 is a centralized entity for acquisition, management and aggregationof current location 708 data. The services provided by the locationmodule 722 are termed location services for the application modules 706,in accordance with some examples.

In some examples, the location module 722 maintains a current location708 and schedules updates for the current location 708 so that thecurrent location 708 is available upon request from an applicationmodule 706. In some examples, the location module 722 responds to updatelocation requests 734 for a current location 708 by sending a requestfor the update scheduler module 712 to make a request 620 for locationdata 612, 614, 616, 618 to a location source of the location sources724. The update schedule module 712 makes a request 620 for locationdata 612, 614, 616, 618 via GNSS receiver module 727, PDR sensor module728, or wireless component module 718, in accordance with some examples.

In some examples, the update scheduler module 712 does not send arequest 620 to one of the location sources 724 when the applicationmodule 706 requests the current location 708. The update schedulermodule 712 represents an update location request 734 as a deferrablework item that is scheduled to be executed whenever the conditions 726indicate a request 620 should be sent to one of the location sources724. The conditions 726 depends on the location source 724 to be used.The conditions 726 include conditions that indicate the likelihood ofobtaining the location data 612, 614, 616, 618, conditions that indicatea current system load such as display state 716, conditions for use ofTable 1, and other conditions 730.

Other conditions 730 includes one or more of the following: a WiFistatus, a wireless status of the wireless components 723, a user accountand pairing status with the host device 605, an overall system load ofthe mobile device 602, a status of the battery of the mobile device 602,other conditions 730 that are described in conjunction with Tables 2 and4, a status of the GNSS receiver 720, a status of the PDR sensor 610,and a velocity of the mobile device 602 that may be categorized as amode of transportation such as walking, running, biking, flying, ridinga train, riding a bus, driving, and so forth. In some examples thewireless components module 718 is configured to determine location datausing an IP address location, which requires access to the internetwhere a server provides location data based on the IP address of themobile device 602. The location data based on the IP address may be alocation such as part of a university or within a city.

One or more of the location sources 724 is not available some or most ofthe time, in accordance with some examples. Some location sources 724are available more often than others. For example, location data 614from a paired host device 605 is accurate but not always availablebecause it requires the mobile device 602 to be paired with the hostdevice 605. In some examples, the host device 605 needs to be running asoftware application that provides the location to the host device 605.Table 4 provides additional information regarding the location sources724.

TABLE 4 location sources 724 Location Source Performance Example DataStructure GNSS satellite High power; may need Location fix success 604peripherals to be off such as the location_data { display. May need themobile latitude: 52.5069704 device 602 to be outside. Often longitude:13.2846531 implemented in firmware. speed_mps: 0 utc_time: 1591721135 }gps_statistics { got_location: true fix_time_ms: 247419 num_sv: 3 } WFPSNeeds access to other wireless devices 608 such as APs. Needs internetaccess in accordance with some examples. May be implemented by a proxyon the host device to protect privacy. PDR Sensor 610 Accuracy dependson a known step length and heading, in accordance with some examples.Often requires special purpose chips to access communication protocols.host device 605 Requires coupling with host device 605 and activewireless connection. In some examples requires an application on thehost device 605 to be active. Often requires implementation ofBluetooth ®. IP address Requires connection with the “ip”: “91.66.5.35”,location internet. A WiFi chip is needed. “city”: “Berlin”, In someexamples special purpose “region”: “Land Berlin”, chips are needed toaccess “region_code”: “BE”, communication protocols or “country”: “DE”,software/firmware is needed with “country_code”: “DE”, a WiFi chip.“country_code_iso3”: “DEU”, “country_capital”: “Berlin”, “country_tld”:“.de”, “country_name”: “Germany”, “continent_code”: “EU”, “in_eu”: true,“postal”: “10317”, “latitude”: 52.5155, “longitude”: 13.4062,“timezone”: “Europe/Berlin”, “utc_offset”: “+0200”,“country_calling_code”: “+49”, “currency”: “EUR”, “currency_name”:“Euro”, “languages”: “de”, “country_area”: 357021.0,“country_population”: 81802257.0, “asn”: “AS31334”, “org”: “VodafoneKabel Deutschland GmbH”}

When the mobile device 602 starts, the location module 722 satisfies aninitial update location request 734, by attempting to query all thelocation sources 724, in accordance with some examples. In someexamples, the location module 722 prioritizes the location sources 724and selects the highest priority location source where the conditions726 are met for sending a request 620 to the location source. Thelocation module 722 continues down the priority list until location data612, 614, 616, 618 is received that meets the conditions of the updatelocation request 734 such as an needed accuracy 738 that is below athreshold and freshness 740 that is below a threshold.

In some examples, after a first current location 708 is determined,subsequent location data 612, 614, 616, 618, is integrated as follows.The update scheduler module 712 dynamically adjusts the query rate 737of the location sources 724 based on the velocity of the mobile device602. The update schedule module 712 uses PDR sensor 610 via PDR sensormodule 728 to determine if the mobile device 602 is stationary. Theupdate schedule module 712 uses the PDR sensor 610 to determine if themobile device 602 is stationary but the orientation is changing such aswhen the mobile device 602 is an AR device and a user is using the ARdevice. In some examples, the update schedule module 712 does not updatethe current location 708 when the mobile device 602 is stationary butthe orientation is changing.

In some examples, the update scheduler module 712 increases the queryrate 737 based on the velocity of the mobile device 602, which is beingused by a user. In some examples, the update scheduler module 712selects a location source of the location sources 724 to minimize orlessen a power usage used to determine the current location 708 wherethe location source of the location sources 724 meets conditions neededfor updating the current location 708. For example, the location module722 may receive an update location request 734 that indicates anaccuracy of one meter and the accuracy returned by IP address locationis 100 meters. In this case, the update schedule module 712 would notuse IP address location.

In some examples, the update schedule module 712 performs staggeredrequests 620 for location data 612, 614, 616, 618 to avoid causingspikes in power usage. In some examples, the update schedule module 712schedules requests 620 to be performed when the mobile device 602 is notin a sleep or doze interval, which may extend a battery life of themobile device 602.

In some examples, the update schedule module 712 schedules requests 620to be performed when the operating system of the mobile device 602 is ina maintenance window. The mobile device 602 is in a power on stateduring the maintenance window so the mobile device 602 does not need topower-up or go to a regular power state when sending the requests 620.

In some examples, the update schedule module 712 schedules a request 620to one of the location sources 724 where the request 620 is sent to thelocation source when the conditions 726 are met for sending the request620 to the location source and the location source will provide locationdata that meets the requirements associated with the update locationrequest 734. Since new location data 612, 614, 616, 618 is fused byfusion module 710 with the current location 708, the determination ofwhether the location source will provide location data that meets therequirements associated with the update location request 734 is based onthe current location 708, the update location request 734, and thelocation data 612, 614, 616, 618.

In some examples, the update schedule module 712 will send a request 620to a location source based on the conditions 726 being met, and thencancel the request 620 if a condition 726 is no longer met. For example,if a user of the mobile device 602 starts interacting with the mobiledevice 602 that changes the display state 716 to on, the update schedulemodule 712 cancels a request 620 where a condition 726 of the locationsource was that the display state 716 was off.

The fusion module 710 fuses together two or more location data 612, 614,616, 618 or the current location 708 with location data 612, 614, 616,618 to determine an updated current location 708. The fusion module 710uses Equation (1) to determine the updated current location 708, inaccordance with some examples. In some examples, the fusion module 710is configured to perform the method 800 of FIG. 8 .

The current location 708 and location data 612, 614, 616, 618 areaggregated and converted into a common set of parameters or a commoncoordinate system before being fused. The location data 612, 614, 616,618 includes one or more components indicating a location such asdescribed in Table 2 Location Data Components.

The altitude and locality are included in some location data 612, 614,616, 618, so location data 612, 614, 616, 618 may need to be fused orcombined when some location data 612, 614, 616, 618 includes thealtitude or locality and other location data 612, 614, 616, 618 does notinclude altitude or locality.

The update schedule module 712 schedules requests 620 that may be sentin the background. As the mobile device 602 moves around, location data612, 614, 616, 618 updates are being received in the background.Depending on system resources availability, some, or all of the locationsources 724 will be periodically queried with a request 620. The fusionmodule 710 is initialized with a first current location 708 uponpower-up of the mobile device 602. Subsequent location data 612, 614,616, 618 updates are fused with the current location 708 to generate anupdated current location 708. The update scheduler module 712 isconfigured to perform the method 1000 of FIG. 10 , in accordance withsome examples. Table 3 Location States indicates the locationavailability to a paired application module on the host device 605 andlocation availability to an application Module 706.

TABLE 3 Location States Location Available Mobile on a Paired device 602Application Module Host Device 605 Location on the Host Device LocationAvailable to Application location services Services 605 Module 706Disabled Disabled Not available Not available Enabled Disabled AvailableAvailable to application modules on the Host Device 605 Disabled EnabledNot available Available using a location resource of the locationsources 724 available without assistance from host device 605 EnabledEnabled Available Available and available from host device 605

FIG. 8 illustrates the operation of a method 800 to fuse locations, inaccordance with some examples. The fusion module 710 is configured toperform the method 800, in accordance with some examples. The method 800begins at operation 802 with accessing location data. For example, thefusion module 710 receives location data 612, 614, 616, 618 from theupdate scheduler module 712. In some examples, the fusion module 710sends a command to the update scheduler module 712 that this is thefirst current location 708 being determined. The update schedule module712 then sends requests 620 to one or more location sources 724 toobtain location data 612, 614, 616, 618, in accordance with someexamples. The method 800 continues at operation 804 with determining acurrent location. For example, fusion module 710 uses the location data612, 614, 616, 618 to determine the current location 708 without fusingif it is the first location data 612, 614, 616, 618. The fusion module710 may use the location data 612, 614, 616, 618 as received or convertit to a different representation, in accordance with some examples.Example representations of the location data 612, 614, 616, 618 includeCartesian coordinates, polar coordinates, splines, Ellipsoidalcoordinates, Prolate spheroidal coordinates, GPS (global positioningsystem) coordinates expressed as the combination of latitude andlongitude, and so forth.

The method 800 continues at operation 806 with accessing new locationdata. The fusion module 710 responds to the receipt of new location data612, 614, 616, 618 by accessing the new location data 612, 614, 616,618. In some examples, the fusion module 710 delays its response until apower save mode is over or until a power usage level of the mobiledevice 602 falls below a threshold. The method continues at operation808 with determining whether the new location is valid. For example, anestimated velocity is determined based on the new location data 612,614, 616, 618, the current location 708, and a time difference asindicated by timestamps associated with the new location data 612, 614,616, 618, and the current location 708. If the estimated velocity doesnot transgress a threshold value for a use case, then the new locationdata is valid, otherwise the new location data is deemed invalid and isdiscarded. The use case is an estimate of an activity that a user of themobile device 602 is doing such as being stationary, running, bicycling,riding a train, riding a bus, walking, flying in a plane, driving, andso forth. The use case is determined based on previous estimatedvelocities, in accordance with some examples. Other methods ofdetermining whether the new location data 612, 614, 616, 618 is validmay be used.

The method 800 continues at operation 810 with checking if the newlocation data valid. If the new location data is not valid, then thefusion module 710 returns to operation 806 and waits for or processesnew location data 612, 614, 616, 618.

If the new location data is valid, then the method 800 continues atoperation 812 with fusing the new location data with the currentlocation to generate updated current location. The new location data612, 614, 616, 618 and current location 708 are fused based on aweighted sum of the two, in accordance with some examples. In someexamples, Equation (1), shown below, is used to determine a fused orupdated current location 708 based on the current location 708 beinglocation1 and the new location data 612, 614, 616, 618 being location2.

Equation (1): x,y,z=((x1, y1, z1)*(1/accuracy1)+(x2, y2,z2)*(1/accuracy2))/(delta distance), where x, y, z, are the coordinatesof a fused current location 708 that is being determined; x1, y1, z1 arethe coordinates of a location1, which is the last determined currentlocation 708; x2, y2, z2 are the coordinates of a location2, which isthe new location data 612, 614, 616, 618; accuracy1 is the accuracy oflocation1; accuracy2 is the accuracy of location2; and delta distance isan estimated distance or Euclidean distance the mobile device 602 hasmoved between the location1 and the location2. In some examples, “*” istermed multiply or times and represents the mathematical operation ofmultiplication. X may be referred to as an x value; y may be referred toas a y value; x1 may be referred to as a x1 value; z may be referred toas a z value; y1 may be referred to as a y1 value; z1 may be referred toas a z1 value; z2 may be referred to as a z2 value; y2 may be referredto as a y2 value; and, x2 may be referred to as an x2 value.

The method 800 continues at operation 814 with determining whether thenew location data includes one or more optional fields. The locationdata may include an altitude or locality as optional location data, inaccordance with some examples. Table 2 shown above lists some of thefields that may be included in the location data.

When the new location data does not include optional fields, the method800 continues at operation 818 with determining whether optional fieldsof the current location are valid. For example, if the new location data612, 614, 616, 618 does not have an altitude but the current location708 does, then the mobile device 602 uses the current altitude valuefrom the current location 708 in the fused or updated current locationif the altitude is still valid. Whether the altitude is still valid maybe determined as follows: if a distance between the new location data612, 614, 616, 618 and the current location 708 is less than a thresholdwhere the threshold may be 100 meters or another number such as 1 meterto 10000 meters, then the previous current altitude value is valid andused as the current altitude value in the updated current location;otherwise, the system sets the altitude value of the updated currentlocation to unknown, which may be represented with a null value. In someexamples the optional fields of the current location are determined asvalid or invalid based on the timestamp 732 of the current location 708.For example, if the current location 708 was determined more than athreshold number of minutes ago, then the optional data of the currentlocation 708 is not used. In some examples, the term transgresses isused to indicate that a value is greater than a threshold value. In someexamples, other conditions are used to determine whether the optionalfields are valid. In some examples, a combination of conditions is usedto determine if the optional fields are valid. For example, acombination of the change in distance from the updated current locationand the current location, and a time in seconds between determining theupdated current location and the current location may be used. Locationor current location may be referred to as a location value or currentlocation value.

In one example, the fusion module 710 fuses locality, such as a street,a city, a state, or a country as follows. If the new location data 612,614, 616, 618 does not have locality but the current location 708 does,then the system uses the locality from the current location 708 in theupdated current location 708 based on the following. If a distancebetween the new location data 612, 614, 616, 618 and the currentlocation 708 is less than a threshold where the threshold may be may be100 meters or another number such as 1 meter to 10000 meters, the mobiledevice 602 uses the locality from the current location 708; otherwise,the mobile device 602 indicates the locality of the fused or updatedcurrent location is unknown, which may be represented with a null value.The validity of the optional fields may be determined in another manner.The threshold for the locality is based on the type of locality, inaccordance with some examples. For example, a locality of a street mayhave a threshold of 10 meters and a city may have a threshold of 1000meters.

If the optional fields of the current location are valid, then themethod 800 continues to operation 820 with using the optional fields toupdate the current location. The optional fields are used for theupdated current location as described above. The method 800 thencontinues to operation 822. If the optional fields of the currentlocation are not valid, then the updated current location optionalfields are set to unknown or null as described above. The method 800then continues to operation 822.

When the new location data does include an optional field, then themethod 800 continues at operation 816 and the system uses the optionalfield for the updated current location. For example, if new locationdata 612, 614, 616, 618 contains altitude, the system uses the altitudefor the updated location data 612, 614, 616, 618. In another example, ifnew location data 612, 614, 616, 618 contains locality, the system usesthe locality for the updated location data 612, 614, 616, 618.

The method 800 continues from operations 816 and 820 to operation 822with setting the current location to the updated current location. Forexample, the current location 708 is set to the updated current locationthat was determined by performing method 800.

One or more of the operations of method 800 may be optional. Forexample, operations 814-820 may be optional. Method 800 may include oneor more additional operations. The operations of method 800 may beperformed in a different order.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example 900 of fusing location data, in accordancewith some examples. In the example 900 the mobile device 602, using themethods described herein, moves around and determines a current location708, such as initial location-1 902, fused current location-2 910, fusedcurrent location-3 916, and fused current location-4 922, where thecurrent location 708 is determined based on receiving location updatessuch as initial location-1 902, location update-2 906, location update-3912, and location update-4 918.

The example 900 begins with receiving location data and determininginitial location-1 902. For example, operations 802 and 804 of method800 may be performed on new location data received when the mobiledevice 602 starts up or when the mobile device 602 wakes up from a sleepperiod. The accuracy-1 904 indicates an accuracy that is associated withthe initial location-1 902.

The example 900 continues at location update-2 906 where new locationdata is received with an associated accuracy-2 908. A fused currentlocation-2 910 is determined by the fusion module 710. For example, thefusion module 710 may perform method 800 to determine fused currentlocation-2 910 using Equation (1) above with location1 being initiallocation-1 902 and location2 being location update-2 906. The example900 continues at location update-3 912 where new location data isreceived with an associated accuracy-3 914. A fused current location-3916 is determined by the fusion module 710. For example, the fusionmodule 710 may perform method 800 to determine fused current location-3916 using Equation (1) above. The example 900 continues at locationupdate-4 918 where new location data is received with an associatedaccuracy-4 920. A fused current location-4 922 is determined by thefusion module 710. For example, the fusion module 710 may perform method800 to determine fused current location-4 922 using Equation (1) above.The initial location-1 902, location update-2 906, location update-3912, and location update-4 918 are location data 612, 614, 616, 618 thatare received in response to the update scheduler module 712 sending arequest 620, in accordance with some examples.

FIG. 10 illustrates a method 1000 for scheduling requests, in accordancewith some examples. In some examples, the update scheduler module 712 isconfigured to perform method 1000. The method 1000 begins at operation1002 by querying the PDR. For example, the update schedule module 712may periodically query the PDR or query the PDR sensor module 728 forPDR sensor 610 location data in response to an event such as a systemstart-up or end of a sleep command. The location data 618 from the PDRsensor 610 indicates whether the mobile device 602 has moved since alast query. The method 1000 continues at operation 1004 with updating aquery rate. For example, the update schedule module 712 maintains aquery rate 737 that indicates how often requests 620 should be sent toone of the location sources 724. The query rate 737 indicates how oftenmethod 1000 is performed, in accordance with some examples. In someexamples, the query rate 737 indicates how often an update to thecurrent location 708 should be performed. In some examples, the queryrate 737 is not updated each time the PDR is queried. In one example,the query rate 737 may be increased or decreased if the PDR locationdata 618 indicates a faster or slower speed, respectively, of the mobiledevice 602 than indicated by previous PDR location data 618.

The method 1000 continues at operation 1008 with determining if thedevice is stationary. If the location data 618 from the PDR sensor 610indicates that the mobile device 602 is stationary, then the method 1000returns to operation 1002. There may be a pause or delay so that thequery PDR operation 1002 is not constantly performed. In some examples,the operation 1002 is performed based on interrupts or a combination ofinterrupts and a loop with a pause or delay. For example, interruptsfrom the operating system such as start-up or sleep state end, or aninterrupt indicating the PDR sensor 610 has new or a change in locationdata 618.

If the mobile device 602 is not stationary, then the method 1000continues at operation 1010 with determining if the query rate indicatesan update is needed. For example, if the query rate indicates that notenough time has passed to query for new location data 612, 614, 616,then the method 1000 returns to operation 1002. If enough time haspassed, the method 1000 continues to operation 1012.

In some examples, operation 1010 includes an additional test of whetherthe current location 708 is sufficient to satisfy an update locationrequest 734 with priority 736, accuracy 738, and freshness 740. Forexample, a determination is made whether the accuracy 709 of the currentlocation 708 is sufficient to satisfy a pending update location request734 with a requested accuracy 738 from an application module 706, beforedetermining whether or not to proceed to operation 1012. If the accuracy709 is not sufficient, then the method 1000 continues to operation 1012.

In some examples, operation 1008 includes an additional condition ofwhether the mobile device 602 is being worn, before determining whetherto proceed to operation 1010. In some examples, if the mobile device 602is not being worn, then the method 1000 returns to operation 1002. Ifthe system determines that the mobile device 602 is being worn, then themethod proceeds to operation 1012.

In some examples, the fusion module 710 updates the current location 708based on the new location data 618 from the PDR sensor 610 as part ofoperation 1010. In some example, the test of whether the query rateindicates an update is needed is further based on how much the mobiledevice 602 has moved based on the location data 618 from the PDR sensor610.

If the query rate indicates that enough time has passed for anotherrequest 620 for new location data 612, 614, 616 then the method 1000continues at operation 1013 with selecting positioning systems.

Positioning systems include one or more of the following: locationsources 724, hardware components that are part of the mobile device 602,and external devices that are needed for determining or receivinglocation data 612, 614, 616, 618. For example, the positioning systemfor GNSS satellite location data 612 includes one or more of thefollowing: GNSS satellite 604, the GNSS receiver module 727, and theGNSS receiver 720.

The positioning systems are selected based on one or more of thefollowing: a default ordering of the positioning systems, the currentlocation 708, the update location request 734, a current activityassociated with the mobile device 602, a power level of a batteryassociated with the mobile device 602, conditions 726, and so forth. Theorder of the positioning systems is selected based on which positioningsystem can fulfill the location request 734 using the least amount ofpower, in accordance with some examples. For example, if an accuracy 738requested by an application module 706 is three feet, then thepositioning system that can provide location data 612, 614, 616, 618with an accuracy 709 within three feet and uses the least power isplaced as the first positioning system.

In some examples a default selection of the positioning systems is usedto reduce computation time to determine a selection order. In someexamples the default section of the position system is used unless anupdate location request 734 indicates a value that is outside athreshold for the priority 736, accuracy 738, and freshness 740associated with the default selection of the positioning systems. Insome examples operation 1013 is optional. In some examples there is afixed or set number of positioning systems and the order for testingwhether they should be queried is fixed. In some examples another moduledetermines a priority for determining whether to query the positioningsystems. The current location 708 is updated with the location data 618from the PDR sensor 610 so that the method 1000 does not performoperation 1013 when the location data 618 from the PDR sensor 610satisfies the update location request 734, in accordance with someexamples.

In the following, an example ordering of the positioning systemsselected by the update scheduler module 712 is wireless device 608, hostdevice 605, and GNSS satellite 604. The method 1000 continues atoperation 1012 with determining whether conditions for using the firstpositioning system are met. The first positioning system is the wirelessdevice 608, in accordance with some examples. For example, the updatescheduler module 712 may query the wireless component module 718 if WFPSis available. If WFPS is available, then the method 1000 continues atoperation 1014 with querying the first positioning system. For example,a request 620 is sent to the wireless components 723 to perform WFPSwith wireless devices 608 to obtain location data 616. The location data616 is determined by a method performed with one or more other wirelessdevices using a communication protocol for determining a location asdescribed herein. When the location data 616 is received, then theupdate scheduler module 712 sends the location data 616 to the fusionmodule 710 to update the current location 708. When the location data616 is received, then the update scheduler module 712 sends the locationdata 616 to the fusion module 710 to update the current location 708. Insome examples, the method 1000 returns to operation 1002 from operation1014. In some examples, the method 1000 continues to operation 1016 fromoperation 1014. In some examples, the method 1000 continues to operation1024 from operation 1014.

The wireless device 608 provides other methods of determining thelocation data 616 as described herein. The different methods each havedifferent conditions and are prioritized by the update scheduler module712, in accordance with some examples.

If conditions for using the first positioning system are not met, themethod 1000 continues at operation 1016 with determining whether theconditions for using the second positioning system are met. In examples,the second positioning system is the host device 605 and the conditionis whether the mobile device 602 is paired to host device 605. Forexample, the update scheduler module 712 may query the wirelesscomponent module 718 as to whether or not the mobile device 602 ispaired with the host device 605. If the mobile device 602 is paired withthe host device 605, then the method 1000 continues to operation 1018with querying the second positioning system. For example, the updatescheduler module 712 may send a request 620 for location data 614 to thehost device 605. When the location data 614 is received, then the updatescheduler module 712 sends the location data 614 to the fusion module710 to update the current location 708. In some examples, the method1000 continues from operation 1018 back to operation 1002. In someexamples, the method 1000 continues to operation 1020 from operation1018. In some examples, the method 1000 continues to operation 1024 fromoperation 1018.

If conditions for using the second positioning system are not met, themethod 1000 continues at operation 1020 with determining whether theconditions for using the third positioning system are met. For example,if the mobile device 602 is not paired with the host device 605, thenthe method 1000 continues at operation 1020 with determining whetherconditions for the third positioning system are met. For example, theupdate schedule module 712 determines if the display is off. If theconditions are met for using the third positioning systems, then themethod 1000 continues at operation 1022 with querying the thirdpositioning system. For example, if the display is off, then the method1000 continues with querying the GNSS. For example, the update schedulermodule 712 queries the GNSS receiver module 727 to send a request 620 tothe GNSS receiver module 727 to determine location data 612. When thelocation data 612 is determined, then the update scheduler module 712sends the location data 612 to the fusion module 710 to update thecurrent location 708. In some examples, the method 1000 continues fromoperation 1018 back to operation 1002. In some examples, the method 1000continues to operation 1024 from operation 1022. In some examples thereare additional positioning systems.

If the display is not off, then the method 1000 continues to operation1024 to change conditions. In some examples, the method 1000 continuesfrom operations 1014, 1018, and 1022 to operation 1024 of changingconditions. In some examples, the operation 1024 of changing conditions,changes one or more of the conditions 726 of FIG. 7 based on whetherlocation data 612, 614, 616 was obtained. For example, if no locationdata 612, 614, 616 was obtained the update scheduler module 712 mayrequest that the display state 716 be changed to off, that the wirelesscomponent module 718 pair with the host device 605, or that the wirelesscomponent module 718 scan for a wireless device 608 that will performWFPS with the mobile device 602.

In some examples, the conditions listed in operations 1012, 1016, and1020 to use the corresponding positioning system operations 1014, 1018and 1022, respectively, may be different and may include additionalconditions as described herein. In some examples, the conditions listedin operations 1012, 1016, and 1020 may include an additional condition,such as a required accuracy before using one or more of the locationsources 724. In some examples, the conditions listed in operations 1012,1016, and 1020 may include an additional condition or differentconditions before using the corresponding location source of operations1014, 1018, 1022.

One or more of the operations of method 1000 may be optional. Forexample, operations 1020 and 1022 may be optional. Method 1000 mayinclude one or more additional operations. The operations of method 1000may be performed in a different order. In some examples, method 1000minimizes the battery and power usage in maintaining a current location708 with an acceptable accuracy 709 and/or freshness 740.

FIG. 11 illustrates examples of a wearable electronic device in the formof electronics-enabled glasses 1100, in accordance with some examples.The wearable electronic device is an example of the mobile device 602being in the example form of an article of eyewear constituted byelectronics-enabled glasses 1100, which may further operate within anetwork system for communicating image and video content with associatedlocation information. FIG. 11 illustrates a front perspective view ofthe glasses 1100. In some examples, the glasses 1100 are termed ARglasses. The mobile device 602 may be termed an AR mobile device 602.The glasses 1100 can include a frame 1132 made from any suitablematerial such as plastic or metal, including any suitable shape memoryalloy. The frame 1132 can have a front piece 1133 that can include afirst or left lens, display, or optical element holder 1136 and a secondor right lens, display, or optical element holder 1137 connected by abridge 1138. The front piece 1133 additionally includes a left endportion 1141 and a right end portion 1142. A first or left opticalelement 1144 and a second or right optical element 1143 can be providedwithin respective left and right optical element holders 1136, 1137.Each of the optical elements 1143, 1144 can be a lens, a display, adisplay assembly, or a combination of the foregoing. In some examples,for example, the glasses 1100 are provided with an integrated near-eyedisplay mechanism that enables, for example, display to the user ofpreview images for visual media captured by cameras 1169 of the glasses1100.

The frame 1132 additionally includes a left arm or temple piece 1146 anda right arm or temple piece 1147 coupled to the respective left andright end portions 1141, 1142 of the front piece 1133 by any suitablemeans such as a hinge (not shown), so as to be coupled to the frontpiece 1133, or rigidly or fixedly secured to the front piece 1133 so asto be integral with the front piece 1133. Each of the temple pieces 1146and 1147 can include a first portion 1151 that is coupled to therespective end portion 1141 or 1142 of the front piece 1133 and anysuitable second portion 1152, such as a curved or arcuate piece, forcoupling to the ear of the user. In one example, the front piece 1133can be formed from a single piece of material, so as to have a unitaryor integral construction. In one example, the entire frame 1132 can beformed from a single piece of material so as to have a unitary orintegral construction.

The glasses 1100 can include a computing device, such as a computer1161, which can be of any suitable type so as to be carried by the frame1132 and, in one example, of a suitable size and shape, so as to be atleast partially disposed in one of the temple pieces 1146 and 1147. Inone example, the computer 1161 has a size and shape similar to the sizeand shape of one of the temple pieces 1146, 1147 and is thus disposedalmost entirely if not entirely within the structure and confines ofsuch temple pieces 1146 and 1147.

In one example, the computer 1161 can be disposed in both of the templepieces 1146, 1147. The computer 1161 can include one or more processorswith memory, wireless communication circuitry, and a power source. Thecomputer 1161 comprises low-power circuitry, high-speed circuitry,location circuitry, and a display processor. Various other examples mayinclude these elements in different configurations or integratedtogether in different ways. Additional details of aspects of thecomputer 1161 may be implemented as described with reference to thedescription that follows.

The computer 1161 additionally includes a battery 1162 or other suitableportable power supply. In one example, the battery 1162 is disposed inone of the temple pieces 1146 or 1147. In the glasses 1100 shown in FIG.11 , the battery 1162 is shown as being disposed in the left templepiece 1146 and electrically coupled using a connection 1174 to theremainder of the computer 1161 disposed in the right temple piece 1147.One or more input and output devices can include a connector or port(not shown) suitable for charging a battery 1162 accessible from theoutside of the frame 1132, a wireless receiver, transmitter, ortransceiver (not shown), or a combination of such devices.

The glasses 1100 include digital cameras 1169. Although two cameras 1169are depicted, other examples contemplate the use of a single oradditional (i.e., more than two) cameras 1169. For ease of description,various features relating to the cameras 1169 will further be describedwith reference to only a single camera 1169, but it will be appreciatedthat these features can apply, in suitable examples, to both cameras1169.

In various examples, the glasses 1100 may include any number of inputsensors or peripheral devices in addition to the cameras 1169. The frontpiece 1133 is provided with an outward-facing, forward-facing, front, orouter surface 1166 that faces forward or away from the user when theglasses 1100 are mounted on the face of the user, and an oppositeinward-facing, rearward-facing, rear, or inner surface 1167 that facesthe face of the user when the glasses 1100 are mounted on the face ofthe user. Such sensors can include inward-facing video sensors ordigital imaging modules such as cameras 1169 that can be mounted on orprovided within the inner surface 1167 of the front piece 1133 orelsewhere on the frame 1132 so as to be facing the user, andoutward-facing video sensors or digital imaging modules such as thecameras 1169 that can be mounted on or provided with the outer surface1166 of the front piece 1133 or elsewhere on the frame 1132 so as to befacing away from the user. Such sensors, peripheral devices, orperipherals can additionally include biometric sensors, locationsensors, accelerometers, or any other such sensors.

The glasses 1100 further include an example of a camera controlmechanism or user input mechanism comprising a camera control buttonmounted on the frame 1132 for haptic or manual engagement by the user.The camera control button provides a bi-modal or single-action mechanismin that it is disposable by the user between only two conditions, namelyan engaged condition and a disengaged condition. In this example, thecamera control button is a pushbutton that is by default in thedisengaged condition, being depressible by the user to dispose it to theengaged condition. Upon release of the depressed camera control button,it automatically returns to the disengaged condition.

In other examples, the single-action input mechanism can instead beprovided by, for example, a touch-sensitive button comprising acapacitive sensor mounted on the frame 1132 adjacent to its surface fordetecting the presence of a user's finger, to dispose thetouch-sensitive button to the engaged condition when the user touches afinger to the corresponding spot on the outer surface 1166 of the frame1132. It will be appreciated that the above-described camera controlbutton and capacitive touch button are but two examples of a hapticinput mechanism for single-action control of the camera 1169, and thatother examples may employ different single-action haptic controlarrangements.

The computer 1161 is configured to perform the methods described hereinsuch as method 800, 1000, and 1300. The computer 1161 is an example ofmobile device 602, in accordance with some examples. In some examples,the computer 1161 is coupled to one or more antennas for reception ofsignals from a GNSS and circuitry for processing the signals where theantennas and circuitry are housed in the glasses 1100. In some examples,the computer 1161 is coupled to one or more wireless antennas andcircuitry for transmitting and receiving wireless signals where theantennas and circuitry are housed in the glasses 1100. In some examples,there are multiple sets of antennas and circuitry housed in the glasses1100. In some examples, the antennas and circuitry are configured tooperate in accordance with a communication protocol such as Bluetooth™,Low-energy Bluetooth™, IEEE 802, IEEE 802.11az, and so forth. In someexamples, PDR sensors are housed in glasses 1100. For example, PDRsensor 610 is housed in glasses 1100 and coupled to the computer 1161.

In some examples, an application module 706 monitors the currentlocation 708 and provides contextual notifications based on the currentlocation 708. The contextual notifications may include things such as anindication of relevant landmarks, presentation of an option to hearabout a museum piece a user of the mobile device 602 is in front of, andso forth. In some examples, the application module 706 may reside on thehost device 605 and the host device 605 may monitor the current location708 of the mobile device 602 and provide notifications based on thecurrent location 708. In some examples, the host device 605 assumes thatthe mobile device 602 is within a meter or another number of meterswithin the host device 605 and provides notifications to the mobiledevice 602 based on the assumed location of the host device 605.

In some examples, a landmark application, which may be an applicationmodule 706 based on landmarks such as the Eiffel Tower, will start whenthe mobile device 602 is determined to be within a threshold of thelandmark. In some examples the threshold is 30-50 meters. In someexamples, the landmark application will end or provide an option to beterminated once the mobile device 602 moves away from the landmark.

FIG. 12 illustrates location tracking 1200, in accordance with someexamples. The Y coordinate 1202 is along a vertical axis that goes from−10 meters to 40 meters and the x coordinate 1204 is along a horizontalaxis that goes from 0 meters to 70 meters. Each of the letters A-Zindicates a current heading and location 708 of the mobile device 602.The current locations 708 are determined based on location data 618 froma PDR sensor 610, in accordance with some examples. The location data618 includes an indication of a change in heading and in distance from aprevious distance. In some examples, the current locations 708 A-Z maybe determined based on operations 1002-1010 where each time at operation1010 it was determined that there was not a need to send a request 620to a positioning system outside of the PDR sensor 610. The mobile device602 follows the path from A to Z.

FIG. 13 illustrates a method 1300 for determining a device locationusing multi-source geolocation data, in accordance with some examples.The method 1300 begins at operation 1302 with accessing new locationdata from a location source of a plurality of location sources. The newlocation data includes a new position and an accuracy of the newposition, in accordance with some examples. For example, the mobiledevice 602 may receive or determine new location data 612, 614, 616,618.

The method 1300 continues at operation 1304 with determining a currentposition and an accuracy of the current position based on the newposition and the new position. In some examples, the current position isdetermined further based on a previous current position and an accuracyof the previous current position. For example, method 800 may be used todetermine the current location 708. In some examples, Equation (1) isused to determine the current location 708.

The method 1300 continues at operation 1306 with determining a change inlocation based on a difference between the current position and theprevious current position. For example, as described in conjunction withFIG. 8 , the mobile device 602 may determine the change in locationbased on the difference between the updated current location and theprevious current location.

The method 1300 continues at operation 1308 with determining whether touse optional location data fields based on the change in location. Forexample, in some examples operation 1308 comprises one or more of thefollowing: in response to the new location data comprising a newaltitude value, setting a current altitude value with the new altitudevalue; and, in response to the new location data not comprising the newaltitude value, based on the change in location being less than a firstthreshold and the old current altitude value not being a null altitudevalue, setting the current altitude value to the old current altitudebased on the change in location not being less than a first threshold,setting the current altitude value with the null altitude value. Thefirst threshold may be a distance such as 100 meters or anotherdistance. Operations 814, 816, 818, and 820 perform the operations ofdetermining whether to use optional fields of the location data 612,614, 616, 618.

One or more of the operations of method 1300 may be optional. Forexample, operation 1308 may be optional. Method 1300 may include one ormore additional operations. The operations of method 1300 may beperformed in a different order.

Machine Architecture

FIG. 14 is a diagrammatic representation of the machine 1400 withinwhich instructions 1408 (e.g., software, a program, an application, anapplet, an app, or other executable code) for causing the machine 1400to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein may beexecuted. For example, the instructions 1408 may cause the machine 1400to execute any one or more of the methods described herein. Theinstructions 1408 transform the general, non-programmed machine 1400into a particular machine 1400 programmed to carry out the described andillustrated functions in the manner described. The machine 1400 mayoperate as a standalone device or may be coupled (e.g., networked) toother machines. In a networked deployment, the machine 1400 may operatein the capacity of a server machine or a client machine in aserver-client network environment, or as a peer machine in apeer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment. The machine 1400 maycomprise, but not be limited to, a server computer, a client computer, apersonal computer (PC), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a netbook,a set-top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), anentertainment media system, a cellular telephone, a smartphone, a mobiledevice, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch), a smart home device(e.g., a smart appliance), other smart devices, a web appliance, anetwork router, a network switch, a network bridge, or any machinecapable of executing the instructions 1408, sequentially or otherwise,that specify actions to be taken by the machine 1400. Further, whileonly a single machine 1400 is illustrated, the term “machine” shall alsobe taken to include a collection of machines that individually orjointly execute the instructions 1408 to perform any one or more of themethodologies discussed herein. The machine 1400, for example, maycomprise the client device 102 or any one of a number of server devicesforming part of the messaging server system 108. In some examples, themachine 1400 may also comprise both client and server systems, withcertain operations of a particular method or algorithm being performedon the server-side and with certain operations of the particular methodor algorithm being performed on the client-side.

The machine 1400 may include processors 1402, memory 1404, andinput/output I/O components 1438, which may be configured to communicatewith each other via a bus 1440. The processors 1402 may be termedcomputer processors, in accordance with some examples. In an example,the processors 1402 (e.g., a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a ReducedInstruction Set Computing (RISC) Processor, a Complex Instruction SetComputing (CISC) Processor, a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), a DigitalSignal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit(ASIC), a Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuit (RFIC), another processor,or any suitable combination thereof) may include, for example, aprocessor 1406 and a processor 1402 that execute the instructions 1408.The term “processor” is intended to include multi-core processors thatmay comprise two or more independent processors (sometimes referred toas “cores”) that may execute instructions contemporaneously. AlthoughFIG. 14 shows multiple processors 1402, the machine 1400 may include asingle processor with a single-core, a single processor with multiplecores (e.g., a multi-core processor), multiple processors with a singlecore, multiple processors with multiples cores, or any combinationthereof.

The memory 1404 includes a main memory 1412, a static memory 1414, and astorage unit 1416, both accessible to the processors 1402 via the bus1440. The main memory 1404, the static memory 1414, and storage unit1416 store the instructions 1408 embodying any one or more of themethodologies or functions described herein. The instructions 1408 mayalso reside, completely or partially, within the main memory 1412,within the static memory 1414, within machine-readable medium 1418within the storage unit 1416, within at least one of the processors 1402(e.g., within the Processor's cache memory), or any suitable combinationthereof, during execution thereof by the machine 1400.

The I/O components 1438 may include a wide variety of components toreceive input, provide output, produce output, transmit information,exchange information, capture measurements, and so on. The specific I/Ocomponents 1438 that are included in a particular machine will depend onthe type of machine. For example, portable machines such as mobilephones may include a touch input device or other such input mechanisms,while a headless server machine will likely not include such a touchinput device. It will be appreciated that the I/O components 1438 mayinclude many other components that are not shown in FIG. 14 . In variousexamples, the I/O components 1438 may include user output components1424 and user input components 1426. The user output components 1424 mayinclude visual components (e.g., a display such as a plasma displaypanel (PDP), a light-emitting diode (LED) display, a liquid crystaldisplay (LCD), a projector, or a cathode ray tube (CRT)), acousticcomponents (e.g., speakers), haptic components (e.g., a vibratory motor,resistance mechanisms), other signal generators, and so forth. The userinput components 1426 may include alphanumeric input components (e.g., akeyboard, a touch screen configured to receive alphanumeric input, aphoto-optical keyboard, or other alphanumeric input components),point-based input components (e.g., a mouse, a touchpad, a trackball, ajoystick, a motion sensor, or another pointing instrument), tactileinput components (e.g., a physical button, a touch screen that provideslocation and force of touches or touch gestures, or other tactile inputcomponents), audio input components (e.g., a microphone), and the like.

In further examples, the I/O components 1438 may include biometriccomponents 1428, motion components 1430, environmental components 1432,or position components 1434, among a wide array of other components. Forexample, the biometric components 1428 include components to detectexpressions (e.g., hand expressions, facial expressions, vocalexpressions, body gestures, or eye-tracking), measure biosignals (e.g.,blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, perspiration, or brainwaves), identify a person (e.g., voice identification, retinalidentification, facial identification, fingerprint identification, orelectroencephalogram-based identification), and the like. The motioncomponents 1430 include acceleration sensor components (e.g.,accelerometer), gravitation sensor components, rotation sensorcomponents (e.g., gyroscope).

The environmental components 1432 include, for example, one or cameras(with still image/photograph and video capabilities), illuminationsensor components (e.g., photometer), temperature sensor components(e.g., one or more thermometers that detect ambient temperature),humidity sensor components, pressure sensor components (e.g.,barometer), acoustic sensor components (e.g., one or more microphonesthat detect background noise), proximity sensor components (e.g.,infrared sensors that detect nearby objects), gas sensors (e.g., gasdetect ion sensors to detection concentrations of hazardous gases forsafety or to measure pollutants in the atmosphere), or other componentsthat may provide indications, measurements, or signals corresponding toa surrounding physical environment.

With respect to cameras, the client device 102 may have a camera systemcomprising, for example, front cameras on a front surface of the clientdevice 102 and rear cameras on a rear surface of the client device 102.The front cameras may, for example, be used to capture still images andvideo of a user of the client device 102 (e.g., “selfies”), which maythen be augmented with augmentation data (e.g., filters) describedabove. The rear cameras may, for example, be used to capture stillimages and videos in a more traditional camera mode, with these imagessimilarly being augmented with augmentation data. In addition to frontand rear cameras, the client device 102 may also include a 360° camerafor capturing 360° photographs and videos.

Further, the camera system of a client device 102 may include dual rearcameras (e.g., a primary camera as well as a depth-sensing camera), oreven triple, quad or penta rear camera configurations on the front andrear sides of the client device 102. These multiple cameras systems mayinclude a wide camera, an ultra-wide camera, a telephoto camera, a macrocamera and a depth sensor, for example.

The position components 1434 include location sensor components (e.g., aGPS receiver component), altitude sensor components (e.g., altimeters orbarometers that detect air pressure from which altitude may be derived),orientation sensor components (e.g., magnetometers), and the like.

Communication may be implemented using a wide variety of technologies.The I/O components 1438 further include communication components 1436operable to couple the machine 1400 to a network 1420 or devices 1422via respective coupling or connections. For example, the communicationcomponents 1436 may include a network interface Component or anothersuitable device to interface with the network 1420. In further examples,the communication components 1436 may include wired communicationcomponents, wireless communication components, cellular communicationcomponents, Near Field Communication (NFC) components, Bluetooth®components (e.g., Bluetooth® Low Energy), Wi-Fi® components, and othercommunication components to provide communication via other modalities.The devices 1422 may be another machine or any of a wide variety ofperipheral devices (e.g., a peripheral device coupled via a USB).

Moreover, the communication components 1436 may detect identifiers orinclude components operable to detect identifiers. For example, thecommunication components 1436 may include Radio Frequency Identification(RFID) tag reader components, NFC smart tag detection components,optical reader components (e.g., an optical sensor to detectone-dimensional bar codes such as Universal Product Code (UPC) bar code,multi-dimensional bar codes such as Quick Response (QR) code, Azteccode, Data Matrix, Dataglyph, MaxiCode, PDF417, Ultra Code, UCC RSS-2Dbar code, and other optical codes), or acoustic detection components(e.g., microphones to identify tagged audio signals). In addition, avariety of information may be derived via the communication components1436, such as location via Internet Protocol (IP) geolocation, locationvia Wi-Fi® signal triangulation, location via detecting an NFC beaconsignal that may indicate a particular location, and so forth.

The various memories (e.g., main memory 1412, static memory 1414, andmemory of the processors 1402) and storage unit 1416 may store one ormore sets of instructions and data structures (e.g., software) embodyingor used by any one or more of the methodologies or functions describedherein. These instructions (e.g., the instructions 1408), when executedby processors 1402, cause various operations to implement the disclosedexamples.

The instructions 1408 may be transmitted or received over the network1420, using a transmission medium, via a network interface device (e.g.,a network interface component included in the communication components1436) and using any one of several well-known transfer protocols (e.g.,hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)). Similarly, the instructions 1408may be transmitted or received using a transmission medium via acoupling (e.g., a peer-to-peer coupling) to the devices 1422.

Software Architecture

FIG. 15 is a block diagram 1500 illustrating a software architecture1504, which can be installed on any one or more of the devices describedherein. The software architecture 1504 is supported by hardware such asa machine 1502 that includes processors 1520, memory 1526, and I/Ocomponents 1538. In this example, the software architecture 1504 can beconceptualized as a stack of layers, where each layer provides aparticular functionality. The software architecture 1504 includes layerssuch as an operating system 1512, libraries 1510, frameworks 1508, andapplications 1506. Operationally, the applications 1506 invoke API calls1550 through the software stack and receive messages 1552 in response tothe API calls 1550.

The operating system 1512 manages hardware resources and provides commonservices. The operating system 1512 includes, for example, a kernel1514, services 1516, and drivers 1522. The kernel 1514 acts as anabstraction layer between the hardware and the other software layers.For example, the kernel 1514 provides memory management, processormanagement (e.g., scheduling), component management, networking, andsecurity settings, among other functionality. The services 1516 canprovide other common services for the other software layers. The drivers1522 are responsible for controlling or interfacing with the underlyinghardware. For instance, the drivers 1522 can include display drivers,camera drivers, BLUETOOTH® or BLUETOOTH® Low Energy drivers, flashmemory drivers, serial communication drivers (e.g., USB drivers), WI-FI®drivers, audio drivers, power management drivers, and so forth.

The libraries 1510 provide a common low-level infrastructure used by theapplications 1506. The libraries 1510 can include system libraries 1518(e.g., C standard library) that provide functions such as memoryallocation functions, string manipulation functions, mathematicfunctions, and the like. In addition, the libraries 1510 can include APIlibraries 1524 such as media libraries (e.g., libraries to supportpresentation and manipulation of various media formats such as MovingPicture Experts Group-4 (MPEG4), Advanced Video Coding (H.264 or AVC),Moving Picture Experts Group Layer-3 (MP3), Advanced Audio Coding (AAC),Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) audio codec, Joint Photographic Experts Group(JPEG or JPG), or Portable Network Graphics (PNG)), graphics libraries(e.g., an OpenGL framework used to render in two dimensions (2D) andthree dimensions (3D) in a graphic content on a display), databaselibraries (e.g., SQLite to provide various relational databasefunctions), web libraries (e.g., WebKit to provide web browsingfunctionality), and the like. The libraries 1510 can also include a widevariety of other libraries 1528 to provide many other applicationprogram interfaces (APIs) to the applications 1506.

The frameworks 1508 provide a common high-level infrastructure that isused by the applications 1506. For example, the frameworks 1508 providevarious graphical user interface (GUI) functions, high-level resourcemanagement, and high-level location services. The frameworks 1508 canprovide a broad spectrum of other APIs that can be used by theapplications 1506, some of which may be specific to a particularoperating system or platform.

In an example, the applications 1506 may include a home application1536, a contacts application 1530, a browser application 1532, a bookreader application 1534, a geographic location application 1541, alocation application 1542, a media application 1544, a messagingapplication 1546, a game application 1548, and a broad assortment ofother applications such as a third-party application 1540. Thegeographic location application 1541 may perform the operations asdisclosed in conjunction with FIGS. 6-13 and herein. The applications1506 are programs that execute functions defined in the programs.Various programming languages can be employed to create one or more ofthe applications 1506, structured in a variety of manners, such asobject-oriented programming languages (e.g., Objective-C, Java, or C++)or procedural programming languages (e.g., C or assembly language). In aspecific example, the third-party application 1540 (e.g., an applicationdeveloped using the ANDROID™ or IOS™ software development kit (SDK) byan entity other than the vendor of the particular platform) may bemobile software running on a mobile operating system such as IOS™,ANDROID™, WINDOWS® Phone, or another mobile operating system. In thisexample, the third-party application 1540 can invoke the API calls 1550provided by the operating system 1512 to facilitate functionalitydescribed herein.

Processing Components

Turning now to FIG. 16 , there is shown a diagrammatic representation ofa processing environment 1600, which includes a processor 1602,processor 1606, and a processor 1608 (e.g., a GPU, CPU or combinationthereof). The processor 1602 is shown to be coupled to a power source1604, and to include (either permanently configured or temporarilyinstantiated) modules, namely a wireless component 1610, a fusioncomponent 1612, and a scheduler component 1614. Referring to FIG. 7 ,the wireless component 1610 operationally interfaces with other wirelessdevices such as is illustrated in FIG. 7 as the wireless componentmodule 718; the fusion component 1612 combines or fuses together twolocation data 612, 614, 616, 618 of FIG. 6 to generate a currentlocation 708 of FIG. 7 and performs one or more of the operations ofmethods 800 and 1300; and, the scheduler component 1614 operationallyperforms the operations of update scheduler module 712 and methods 1000and 1300. As illustrated, the processor 1602 is communicatively coupledto both the processor 1606 and the processor 1608.

Glossary

“Carrier signal” refers to any intangible medium that is capable ofstoring, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by themachine, and includes digital or analog communications signals or otherintangible media to facilitate communication of such instructions.Instructions may be transmitted or received over a network using atransmission medium via a network interface device.

“Client device” refers to any machine that interfaces to acommunications network to obtain resources from one or more serversystems or other client devices. A client device may be, but is notlimited to, a mobile phone, desktop computer, laptop, portable digitalassistants (PDAs), smartphones, tablets, ultrabooks, netbooks, laptops,multi-processor systems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumerelectronics, game consoles, set-top boxes, or any other communicationdevice that a user may use to access a network.

“Communication network” refers to one or more portions of a network thatmay be an ad hoc network, an intranet, an extranet, a virtual privatenetwork (VPN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN), a widearea network (WAN), a wireless WAN (WWAN), a metropolitan area network(MAN), the Internet, a portion of the Internet, a portion of the PublicSwitched Telephone Network (PSTN), a plain old telephone service (POTS)network, a cellular telephone network, a wireless network, a Wi-Fi®network, another type of network, or a combination of two or more suchnetworks. For example, a network or a portion of a network may include awireless or cellular network and the coupling may be a Code DivisionMultiple Access (CDMA) connection, a Global System for Mobilecommunications (GSM) connection, or other types of cellular or wirelesscoupling. In this example, the coupling may implement any of a varietyof types of data transfer technology, such as Single Carrier RadioTransmission Technology (1×RTT), Evolution-Data Optimized (EVDO)technology, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) technology, EnhancedData rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) technology, third GenerationPartnership Project (3GPP) including 3G, fourth generation wireless (4G)networks, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), High SpeedPacket Access (HSPA), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access(WiMAX), Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard, others defined by variousstandard-setting organizations, other long-range protocols, or otherdata transfer technology.

“Component” refers to a device, physical entity, or logic havingboundaries defined by function or subroutine calls, branch points, APIs,or other technologies that provide for the partitioning ormodularization of particular processing or control functions. Componentsmay be combined via their interfaces with other components to carry outa machine process. A component may be a packaged functional hardwareunit designed for use with other components and a part of a program thatusually performs a particular function of related functions. Componentsmay constitute either software components (e.g., code embodied on amachine-readable medium) or hardware components. A “hardware component”is a tangible unit capable of performing certain operations and may beconfigured or arranged in a certain physical manner. In variousexamples, one or more computer systems (e.g., a standalone computersystem, a client computer system, or a server computer system) or one ormore hardware components of a computer system (e.g., a processor or agroup of processors) may be configured by software (e.g., an applicationor application portion) as a hardware component that operates to performcertain operations as described herein. A hardware component may also beimplemented mechanically, electronically, or any suitable combinationthereof. For example, a hardware component may include dedicatedcircuitry or logic that is permanently configured to perform certainoperations. A hardware component may be a special-purpose processor,such as a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or an applicationspecific integrated circuit (ASIC). A hardware component may alsoinclude programmable logic or circuitry that is temporarily configuredby software to perform certain operations. For example, a hardwarecomponent may include software executed by a general-purpose processoror other programmable processor. Once configured by such software,hardware components become specific machines (or specific components ofa machine) uniquely tailored to perform the configured functions and areno longer general-purpose processors. It will be appreciated that thedecision to implement a hardware component mechanically, in dedicatedand permanently configured circuitry, or in temporarily configuredcircuitry (e.g., configured by software), may be driven by cost and timeconsiderations. Accordingly, the phrase “hardware component” (or“hardware-implemented component”) should be understood to encompass atangible entity, be that an entity that is physically constructed,permanently configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarily configured(e.g., programmed) to operate in a certain manner or to perform certainoperations described herein. Considering examples in which hardwarecomponents are temporarily configured (e.g., programmed), each of thehardware components need not be configured or instantiated at any oneinstance in time. For example, where a hardware component comprises ageneral-purpose processor configured by software to become aspecial-purpose processor, the general-purpose processor may beconfigured as respectively different special-purpose processors (e.g.,comprising different hardware components) at different times. Softwareaccordingly configures a particular processor or processors, forexample, to constitute a particular hardware component at one instanceof time and to constitute a different hardware component at a differentinstance of time. Hardware components can provide information to, andreceive information from, other hardware components. Accordingly, thedescribed hardware components may be regarded as being communicativelycoupled. Where multiple hardware components exist contemporaneously,communications may be achieved through signal transmission (e.g., overappropriate circuits and buses) between or among two or more of thehardware components. In examples in which multiple hardware componentsare configured or instantiated at different times, communicationsbetween such hardware components may be achieved, for example, throughthe storage and retrieval of information in memory structures to whichthe multiple hardware components have access. For example, one hardwarecomponent may perform an operation and store the output of thatoperation in a memory device to which it is communicatively coupled. Afurther hardware component may then, at a later time, access the memorydevice to retrieve and process the stored output. Hardware componentsmay also initiate communications with input or output devices, and canoperate on a resource (e.g., a collection of information). The variousoperations of example methods described herein may be performed, atleast partially, by one or more processors that are temporarilyconfigured (e.g., by software) or permanently configured to perform therelevant operations. Whether temporarily or permanently configured, suchprocessors may constitute processor-implemented components that operateto perform one or more operations or functions described herein. As usedherein, “processor-implemented component” refers to a hardware componentimplemented using one or more processors. Similarly, the methodsdescribed herein may be at least partially processor-implemented, with aparticular processor or processors being an example of hardware. Forexample, at least some of the operations of a method may be performed byone or more processors 1402 or processor-implemented components.Moreover, the one or more processors may also operate to supportperformance of the relevant operations in a “cloud computing”environment or as a “software as a service” (SaaS). For example, atleast some of the operations may be performed by a group of computers(as examples of machines including processors), with these operationsbeing accessible via a network (e.g., the Internet) and via one or moreappropriate interfaces (e.g., an API). The performance of certain of theoperations may be distributed among the processors, not only residingwithin a single machine, but deployed across a number of machines. Insome examples, the processors or processor-implemented components may belocated in a single geographic location (e.g., within a homeenvironment, an office environment, or a server farm). In otherexamples, the processors or processor-implemented components may bedistributed across a number of geographic locations.

“Computer-readable storage medium” refers to both machine-storage mediaand transmission media. Thus, the terms include both storagedevices/media and carrier waves/modulated data signals. The terms“machine-readable medium,” “computer-readable medium” and“device-readable medium” mean the same thing and may be usedinterchangeably in this disclosure. The plural of “computer-readablemedium” may be termed “computer-readable mediums”.

“Ephemeral message” refers to a message that is accessible for atime-limited duration. An ephemeral message may be a text, an image, avideo and the like. The access time for the ephemeral message may be setby the message sender. Alternatively, the access time may be a defaultsetting or a setting specified by the recipient. Regardless of thesetting technique, the message is transitory.

“Machine storage medium” refers to a single or multiple storage devicesand media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and associatedcaches and servers) that store executable instructions, routines anddata. The term shall accordingly be taken to include, but not be limitedto, solid-state memories, and optical and magnetic media, includingmemory internal or external to processors. Specific examples ofmachine-storage media, computer-storage media and device-storage mediainclude non-volatile memory, including by way of example semiconductormemory devices, e.g., erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM),electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), FPGA, andflash memory devices; magnetic disks such as internal hard disks andremovable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks Theterms “machine-storage medium,” “device-storage medium,”“computer-storage medium” mean the same thing and may be usedinterchangeably in this disclosure. The terms “machine-storage media,”“computer-storage media,” and “device-storage media” specificallyexclude carrier waves, modulated data signals, and other such media, atleast some of which are covered under the term “signal medium.”

“Non-transitory computer-readable storage medium” refers to a tangiblemedium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying theinstructions for execution by a machine.

“Signal medium” refers to any intangible medium that is capable ofstoring, encoding, or carrying the instructions for execution by amachine and includes digital or analog communications signals or otherintangible media to facilitate communication of software or data. Theterm “signal medium” shall be taken to include any form of a modulateddata signal, carrier wave, and so forth. The term “modulated datasignal” means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics setor changed in such a matter as to encode information in the signal. Theterms “transmission medium” and “signal medium” mean the same thing andmay be used interchangeably in this disclosure.

What is claimed is:
 1. A mobile device comprising: one or more computerprocessors; and one or more computer-readable mediums storinginstructions that, when executed by the one or more computer processors,cause the mobile device to perform operations comprising: accessing newlocation data from a location source of a plurality of location sources,the new location data comprising a new position and an accuracy of thenew position; determining a current position and an accuracy of thecurrent position based on the new position, the accuracy of the newposition, a previous current position, and an accuracy of the previouscurrent position; and determining a change in location based on adifference between the current position and the previous currentposition.
 2. The mobile device of claim 1, wherein the operationsfurther comprise: determining that the new location data does notcomprise a new altitude value; setting a current altitude value to aprevious current altitude value based on the change in location nottransgressing a first threshold and the previous current altitude valuenot being a null altitude value; and setting the current altitude valuewith the null altitude value based on the change in locationtransgressing the first threshold.
 3. The mobile device of claim 1,wherein the current position comprises: an x value, a y value, and a zvalue, the previous current position comprises: an x1 value, a y1 value,and a z1 value, and the new position comprises: an x2 value, a y2 value,and a z2 value, and wherein determining the current position furthercomprises: determining the x value, the y value, and the z value asequal to: ((the x1 value, the y1 value, and the z1 value)×(1/theaccuracy of the previous current position)+(the x2 value, the y2 value,and the z2 value)×(1/the accuracy of the new position))/(the change inlocation value).
 4. The mobile device of claim 1, wherein the currentposition comprises: an x value, a y value, and a z value, the previouscurrent position comprises: an x1 value, a y1 value, and a z1 value, andthe new position comprises: an x2 value, a y2 value, and a z2 value, andwherein determining the current position further comprises: determiningthe x value, the y value, and the z value based on: the x1 value, the y1value, and the z1 value; the x2 value, the y2 value, and the z2 value;and, an accuracy of the previous current position, an accuracy of thenew position, and a change in location value.
 5. The mobile device ofclaim 1, wherein the current position indicates a location of the mobiledevice independent of an orientation of the device.
 6. The mobile deviceof claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise: determining avelocity based on the new position, the previous current position, andan amount of time between a new timestamp and an previous currenttimestamp; and in response to the velocity exceeding a threshold for amode of transportation of the mobile device, discarding the new locationdata, and accessing another new location data as the new location data.7. The mobile device of claim 6, wherein the mode of transportationcomprises one of: walking, running, driving, bicycling, flying, riding atrain, and riding a bus.
 8. The mobile device of claim 1, wherein theoperations further comprise: in response to the new location datacomprising a new locality value, setting a current locality value to thenew locality value; and in response to the new location data notincluding the new locality value, when the change in the location isless than a second threshold and a previous current locality value isnot a null current locality value, setting the current locality value tothe previous current locality value, and when the change in the locationis not less than the second threshold, setting the current localityvalue to the null current locality value.
 9. The mobile device of claim1, wherein the operations further comprise: in response to a start-up ofthe mobile device, determining, from one of the plurality of locationsources, an initial location as the previous current position.
 10. Themobile device of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise:selecting a location source of the plurality of location sources,wherein the selecting is based on one or more first conditions; andscheduling a request for the selected location source to generatelocation data.
 11. The mobile device of claim 10, wherein the request isa first request, and wherein the operations further comprise: accessinga second request for the location data from an application of the mobiledevice.
 12. The mobile device of claim 10, wherein the plurality oflocation sources comprises: a pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) system, awireless signal location system, a location from a paired host devicesystem, and a Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS).
 13. The mobiledevice of claim 10 wherein a frequency of selecting the location sourceand scheduling a request for the selected location source to generatelocation data is based on a velocity of the mobile device or a wearer ofthe mobile device.
 14. The mobile device of claim 11, wherein theoperations further comprise: in response to one or more secondconditions being satisfied for the request for the selected locationsource to generate the location data, requesting the location data fromthe selected location source, receiving the location data from theselected location source, and setting the received location data as thenew location data.
 15. The mobile device of claim 14 wherein the one ormore second conditions comprise one or more of: a display of a mobiledevice state being on or off, a WiFi status of the mobile device, apairing status with a paired host device system, a load of the mobiledevice, a status of the mobile device being indoor or outdoor, aconnectivity status of the mobile device with a GNSS, a poweravailability of the mobile device, an accuracy requirement of thelocation data, a velocity of the mobile device, a change in location ofthe mobile device independent of changes to an orientation of the mobiledevice, and a dimensionality of the location data generated by thelocation source.
 16. The mobile device of claim 12 wherein the one ormore first conditions comprise one or more of: a display of a mobiledevice state being on or off, a WiFi status of the mobile device, apairing status with a paired host device system, a load of the mobiledevice, the status of the mobile device being indoor or outdoor, aconnectivity status of the mobile device with the GNSS, a poweravailability, an accuracy requirement of the location data, a velocityof the mobile device, the change in location of the device independentof changes to an orientation of the mobile device, and a dimensionalityof the location data generated by the location source.
 17. The mobiledevice of claim 1 wherein the mobile device is an augmented reality (AR)mobile device, and wherein the operations further comprise: determininga change in orientation of the AR mobile device.
 18. A method performedon a device, the method comprising: accessing new location data from alocation source of a plurality of location sources, the new locationdata comprising a new position and an accuracy of the new position;determining a current position and an accuracy of the current positionbased on the new position, the accuracy of the new position, a previouscurrent position, and an accuracy of the previous current position; anddetermining a change in location based on a difference between thecurrent position and the previous current position.
 19. The method ofclaim 18 further comprising: determining that the new location data doesnot comprise a new altitude value; setting a current altitude value to aprevious current altitude value based on the change in location nottransgressing a first threshold and the previous current altitude valuenot being a null altitude value; and setting the current altitude valuewith the null altitude value based on the change in locationtransgressing the first threshold.
 20. A non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium including instructions that, whenprocessed by a computer, configure the computer to perform operationscomprising: accessing new location data from a location source of aplurality of location sources, the new location data comprising a newposition and an accuracy of the new position; determining a currentposition and an accuracy of the current position based on the newposition, the accuracy of the new position, a previous current position,and an accuracy of the previous current position; and determining achange in location based on a difference between the current positionand the previous current position.